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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,645 questions in 107 reviews · Wounds
current versionsNo studies 651 · 39.6%Ungraded 84 · 5.1%Very low 554 · 33.7%Low 283 · 17.2%Moderate 64 · 3.9%High 9 · 0.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus 5‐FU ‐ purpura ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.2 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Scar severity ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus TAC plus 5‐FU ‐ patient self‐assessment of scar improvement of 50% or higher ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.61, 1.29] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus no treatment ‐ mild to moderate discomfort or pain related to treatment ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | OR 8.62 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus TAC plus 5‐FU ‐ mild to moderate pain related to treatment ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus TAC plus 5‐FU ‐ purpura ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus silicone gel sheeting ‐ pain during laser treatments ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus silicone gel sheeting ‐ skin irritation ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Scar severity ‐ erbium laser versus TAC ‐ VBS (Higher scores = worse scar appearance) ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Scar severity ‐ erbium laser versus TAC ‐ patient self‐assessment ‐ patients considering the scar much better ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.17 [1.28, 3.66] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser versus TAC ‐ pain at injection site ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.06, 1.03] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus TAC ‐ telangectasia ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.92] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus TAC ‐ skin atrophy ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.72] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus TAC ‐ charring ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 7 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 585‐nm PDL versus no treatment ‐ purpura ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 21.32 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus verapamil ‐ pain at injection site ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs other treatments Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ fractional CO2 laser versus verapamil ‐ charring ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 7 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity ‐ 585‐nm pulsed‐dye laser (PDL) plus triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) plus 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) versus TAC plus 5‐FU ‐ blinded observer assessment of good to excellent scar improvement ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.75 [0.95, 3.22] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity ‐ 585‐nm PDL plus TAC plus 5 FU versus TAC plus 5‐FU ‐ patient self‐assessment of good to excellent scar improvement ‐ hypertrophic and keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.85, 2.18] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity ‐ carbon dioxide (CO2) laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC. Mean percentage reduction ‐ blinded observer assessment ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity ‐ CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC Mean percentage reduction ‐ patient self‐assessment score (higher scores = worse scar appearance) ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects: CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC ‐ atrophy ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.7, 1.82] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC ‐ erythema ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.47, 4.78] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC ‐ telangiectasia ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.07, 1.52] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ CO2 laser plus TAC versus cryosurgery plus TAC ‐ hypopigmentation ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.16, 2.29] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Scar severity ‐ Non‐Ablative Fractional Laser (NAFL) versus no treatment ‐ health professional global assessment measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100 mm (0 = as normal skin and 100 = worst possible scar) ‐ hypertrophic s... · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.85, 4.69] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity ‐ Neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser plus Diprospan plus 5‐FU versus Diprospan plus 5‐FU ‐ blinded observer assessment of good to excellent scar improvement ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.88, 2.41] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity: Nd:YAG laser plus Diprospan plus 5‐FU versus Diprospan plus 5‐FU ‐ patient self‐assessment of scar improvement of 50% or higher ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.91, 2.1] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects: Nd:YAG laser plus Diprospan plus 5‐FU versus Diprospan plus 5‐FU ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | 7 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Scar severity ‐ Helium‐Neon (He‐Ne) laser plus decamethyltetrasiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane cream versus decamethyltetrasiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane cream ‐ Vancouver Scar scale (VSS) (higher scores... · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ regrowth ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.27, 8.22] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ pain related to treatment ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ hyperpigmentation ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ depigmentation ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.07, 15.12] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ purpura ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 15 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy plus other treatment vs other treatment Incidence of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ 595‐nm PDL plus verapamil versus verapamil ‐ total ‐ keloid scars ‐ · participants with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.67 [1.53, 14.26] | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Scar severity ‐ NAFL versus no treatment ‐ patient global assessment measured on a VAS ranging from 0 to 100 mm (0 = as normal skin and 100 = worst possible scar) ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Scar severity ‐ NAFL versus no treatment ‐ Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) (higher scores = worse scar appearance) ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ NAFL versus no treatment ‐ scar worsening ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 7 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Incidence and severity of treatment‐related adverse effects ‐ NAFL versus no treatment ‐ hyperpigmentation ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3 | NR | Very low |
Laser therapy vs no treatment Scar severity ‐ Fractional Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser versus no treatment ‐ Vancouver Burn Scar (VBS) scale (higher scores = worse scar appearance) ‐ hypertrophic scars ‐ · patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Cone of pressure flap vs standard flap technique Complete healing of surgical wound · people with stage IV pressure ulcers Reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Cone of pressure flap vs standard flap technique Wound dehiscence · people with stage IV pressure ulcers Reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Cone of pressure flap vs standard flap technique Pressure ulcer recurrence · people with stage IV pressure ulcers Reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Topical negative pressure wound therapy vs conventional open wound healing Time to wound healing (days) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Zinc oxide mesh vs placebo mesh Proportion of wounds healed at 6 months · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc oxide mesh vs placebo mesh Proportion of wounds healed at 12 months · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc oxide mesh vs placebo mesh Cost‐effectiveness (assessed using quality‐adjusted life years) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc oxide mesh vs placebo mesh Pain at first postoperative dressing change (measured using a validated scale such as a visual analogue scale) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc oxide mesh vs placebo mesh Adverse effects (surgical site infection or allergic reaction) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Ungraded |
Lietofix cream vs iodoform dressing Time to wound healing (days) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease Dressings and topical agents for the management of open wounds after surgical treatment for sacrococcygeal… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |