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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
430 questions in 68 reviews · Tobacco Addiction
current versionsNo studies 26 · 6%Ungraded 12 · 2.8%Very low 116 · 27%Low 159 · 37%Moderate 87 · 20.2%High 30 · 7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Smoking cessation · People trying to stop smoking Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.86, 1.4] | 11 studies · 1892 participants | Moderate |
Acupressure vs sham acupressure Smoking cessation ‐ early · People trying to stop smoking Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [1.11, 3.77] | 4 studies · 312 participants | Low |
Behavioural intervention vs control Smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Intensive behavioural intervention (multiple contacts, initiated at least 4 weeks before surgery) · People awaiting surgery Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | RR 10.76 [4.55, 25.46] | 2 studies · 210 participants | Moderate |
Behavioural intervention vs control Smoking cessation at time of surgery ‐ Brief behavioural intervention · People awaiting surgery Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [1.16, 1.46] | 7 studies · 1141 participants | High |
Behavioural intervention vs control Postoperative morbidity: Any complication ‐ Intensive intervention · People awaiting surgery Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.27, 0.65] | 2 studies · 210 participants | Moderate |
Behavioural intervention vs control Postoperative morbidity: Any complication ‐ Brief intervention · People awaiting surgery Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.19] | 4 studies · 493 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Group therapy · Employees who smoke Workplace interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.71 [1.05, 2.8] | 8 studies · 1309 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Individual counselling · Employees who smoke Workplace interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.96 [1.51, 2.54] | 8 studies · 3516 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Self‐help interventions · Employees who smoke Workplace interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.74, 1.82] | 6 studies · 1906 participants | High |
Intervention NR Pharmacological interventions · Employees who smoke Workplace interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.98 [1.26, 3.11] | 5 studies · 1092 participants | High |
Intervention NR Incentives · Employees who smoke Workplace interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.6 [1.12, 2.3] | 5 studies · 1928 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Multiple interventions · Employees who smoke Workplace interventions for smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.55 [1.13, 2.13] | 6 studies · 5018 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Smoking cessation · People who smoke Use of electronic health records to support smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Guideline recommended actions · People who smoke Use of electronic health records to support smoking cessation (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Prevalence of current smokers · School students School policies for preventing smoking among young people (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial mood management vs control Smoking cessation Biochemical validation (minority) and self report · smokers with current depression1 Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [1.13, 1.92] | 11 studies · 1844 participants | Low |
Bupropion vs control Bupropion versus placebo All biochemically validated · smokers with current depression Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.83, 2.27] | 5 studies · 410 participants | Low |
Psychosocial mood management vs control Smoking cessation Biochemical validation (majority) and self report · patients with smokers with past depression Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.13, 1.77] | 13 studies · 1496 participants | Low |
Bupropion vs control Bupropion versus placebo Biochemical validation (majority) and self report · patients with smokers with past depression Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [1.31, 3.18] | 4 studies · 404 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Point prevalence of smoking cessation self‐report and some biologically validated · Smokers treated by health professionals Training health professionals in smoking cessation (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.41 [1.13, 1.77] | 14 studies · 13459 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Continuous smoking abstinence self‐report and some biologically validated · Smokers treated by health professionals Training health professionals in smoking cessation (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.6 [1.26, 2.03] | 8 studies · 9443 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of smokers counselled self‐report · Smokers treated by health professionals Training health professionals in smoking cessation (2012) · Cochrane | OR 2.28 [1.58, 3.27] | 14 studies · 8531 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patients asked to make a · Smokers treated by health professionals Training health professionals in smoking cessation (2012) · Cochrane | OR 3.34 [1.52, 7.3] | 7 studies · 3114 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Number of smokers receiving self‐help material self‐report · Smokers treated by health professionals Training health professionals in smoking cessation (2012) · Cochrane | OR 3.51 [1.9, 6.47] | 9 studies · 4925 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Number of smokers receiving nicotine gum/replacement therapy self‐report · Smokers treated by health professionals Training health professionals in smoking cessation (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.57 [0.87, 2.84] | 9 studies · 5073 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Smoking abstinence · s Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [1.03, 1.98] | 4 studies · 1081 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Attitudes ‐ readiness to quit · s Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [0.82, 3.3] | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Full desensitization to milk · patients with milk allergy Oral immunotherapy for milk allergy (2012) · Cochrane | RR 6.61 [3.51, 12.44] | 5 studies · 196 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Weekly smoking · patients with preventing smoking in young people Community interventions for preventing smoking in young people (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.59, 1.17] | 7 studies · 17508 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Monthly smoking · patients with preventing smoking in young people Community interventions for preventing smoking in young people (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16] | 9 studies · 27077 participants | Very low |