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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Peritoneoscopic vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Catheter tip migration (mechanical failure) · improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in PD patients Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.02, 8.07] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Technique failure · patients requiring PD catheter placement Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Postoperative death (relating to PD catheter insertion) · patients requiring PD catheter placement Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.63] | 2 studies · 167 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Peritonitis Time frame: within 4 weeks of PD catheter insertion · patients requiring PD catheter placement Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.63, 1.48] | 4 studies · 288 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Dialysate leakage (excluding Tsimoyiannis 2000) · patients requiring PD catheter placement Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.49, 4.02] | 4 studies · 330 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Catheter tip migration (mechanical failure) · patients requiring PD catheter placement Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.2, 0.92] | 4 studies · 333 participants | Low |
Medical vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Early PD catheter function (within 4 weeks of PD catheter insertion) · improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in PD patients Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.29, 1.83] | 3 studies · 212 participants | Low |
Medical vs open surgical PD catheter insertion Late PD catheter failure (> 4 weeks following PD catheter insertion) · improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in PD patients Catheter insertion techniques for improving catheter function and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.38, 0.92] | 1 study · 116 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs control Fatigue (IFS, MFI, PIPER, or HD‐related fatigue scale) median · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 217 participants | Low |
Aromatherapy vs placebo or standard care Tiredness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy vs placebo or standard care Exhaustion · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy vs placebo or standard care Asthenia · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage vs no intervention Fatigue (PFS, FSS, VAS) median · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 657 participants | Low |
Massage vs no intervention Weakness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage vs no intervention Energy (VAS) median · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Massage vs no intervention Tiredness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage vs no intervention Exhaustion · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage vs no intervention Asthenia · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs placebo or control Fatigue [PFS, revised PFS, FI] median · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 459 participants | Low |
Exercise vs control Weakness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs placebo or control Weakness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs placebo or control Energy · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs placebo or control Tiredness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs placebo or control Exhaustion · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupressure vs placebo or control Asthenia · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Energy · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Tiredness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Exhaustion · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Asthenia · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy vs placebo or standard care Fatigue (PIPER, BFI, FSS, RFS) median · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 542 participants | Low |
Aromatherapy vs placebo or standard care Weakness · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy vs placebo or standard care Energy · people receiving dialysis Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs another synbiotic eGFR · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Indoxyl sulfate (ng/mL) · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Change in any GI upset (borborygmi) · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | RR 15.26 [0.99, 236.23] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Change in any GI upset (GSRS total index) · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Microbiota composition · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Graft function · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Graft infection · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic eGFR (mL/min) · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Indoxyl sulfate (μg/mL) · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 64 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Change in any GI upset or intolerance · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Synbiotic vs another synbiotic Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Burping · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Cramping · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Distension · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Flatulence · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Nausea · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Prebiotic vs another prebiotic Reflux · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |