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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions
No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Antidepressants vs psychological interventions
Depression response or remission (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs psychological interventions
Adverse events · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs psychological interventions
Depression severity ‐ mean EPDS score (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs psychological interventions
Treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.24, 4.88]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs psychological interventions
Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs psychosocial interventions
Depression response or remission (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs placebo
Depression remission (acute, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.54 [0.99, 2.41]NRLow
Antidepressants vs psychosocial interventions
Adverse events · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs psychosocial interventions
Depression severity (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs psychosocial interventions
Treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.94 [1.12, 3.35]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs psychosocial interventions
Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Depression response (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.98 [0.76, 1.27]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Depression remission (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.41]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Adverse events · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Depression response (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Depression remission (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Depression severity‐ mean HAM‐D scores (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Antidepressants vs placebo
Adverse events · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Treatment acceptability ‐dropouts · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.74 [0.99, 3.06]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention
Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs any complementary medicine
Depression response (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.23 [0.71, 2.12]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs any complementary medicine
Depression remission (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.17 [0.44, 3.09]NRVery low
Antidepressants vs any complementary medicine
Adverse events · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs any complementary medicine
Depression severity · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs any complementary medicine
Treatment acceptability · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs any complementary medicine
Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs placebo
Depression severity ‐ overall (acute, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs placebo
Depression severity ‐ EPDS (acute, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Antidepressants vs placebo
Treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.1 [0.74, 1.64]NRLow
Antidepressants vs placebo
Child‐related outcomes · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs treatment
Depression response or remission (acute, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antidepressants vs treatment
Adverse events · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Lamotrigine vs placebo
Recurrence of any episodes at one year (hospitalization for any episodes) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Lamotrigine vs placebo
Recurrence of manic episode at one year · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.91 [0.66, 1.26]3 studies · 574 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs placebo
Recurrence of depressive episode at one year · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.75 [0.53, 1.05]3 studies · 574 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs placebo
Quality of life as measured by the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Lamotrigine vs placebo
Total severity score from depression and mania symptom scores, such as HDRS and the YMRS · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of any episodes at one year (hospitalization for any episodes) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of any episodes at one year (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≥15 for manic episode) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 3.57 [0.15, 85.39]2 studies · 376 participantsVery low
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of any episodes at one year (Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ≥15 for depressive episode; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total score ≥14 for depressive episode) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.4 [0.7, 2.79]2 studies · 376 participantsLow
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with additional psychotropics (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.11 [0.92, 1.35]3 studies · 602 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of any episodes at one year (active suicidal behavior) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.06, 15.91]1 study · 155 participantsVery low
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Withdrawal from treatment due to any reason, up to 12 weeks after intervention commencement (short term) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Lamotrigine vs placebo
Recurrence of any episodes at one year (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≥15 for manic episode) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.67 [0.51, 0.87]3 studies · 663 participantsLow
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Withdrawal from treatment due to any reason, 6‐12 months after intervention initiation (long term) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.96 [0.88, 1.05]4 studies · 636 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Any reported adverse effects up to 12 weeks after starting treatment (short term) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Any reported adverse effects 6‐12 months after initiating the intervention (long term) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.7 [0.51, 0.96]4 studies · 691 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of manic episode at one year · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2.13 [1.32, 3.44]3 studies · 602 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Recurrence of depressive episode at one year · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.83 [0.63, 1.09]3 studies · 602 participantsModerate
Lamotrigine vs lithium
Quality of life as measured by the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded