What do systematic reviews say?

Multi‐component provider and parent intervention vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 337 participants
  Low
• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 25869 participants
  Low

Complex vs simplified health education

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 17411 participants
  Moderate

Financial incentive vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 500 participants
  Low

Health education plus financial incentives vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 104 participants
  Very low

Provider prompts vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 859 participants
  Moderate

Provider prompts vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate

Provider prompts vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 3219 participants
  Moderate

Provider prompts vs usual practice

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 1439 participants
  Moderate

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  17 studies · 402367 participants
  High

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Increasing community demand leads to higher client‐based education (nurses or pharmacists educated and nurses… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.29 [1.91, 5.66]
  2 studies · 614 participants
  High

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Increasing community demand leads to higher client‐based education (nurses educated and vaccinated participants)… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 152.95 [9.39, 2490.67]
  1 study · 485 participants
  High

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Increasing community demand probably leads to higher face‐to‐face 3‐minute conversation compared to no intervention compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.62 [1.11, 2.35]
  1 study · 529 participants
  Moderate

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 202264 participants
  High

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 195964 participants
  High

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher reminder to physician about all participants compared to reminder… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.47 [1.53, 3.99]
  1 study · 316 participants
  High

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in reminder (to hospital staff to vaccinate patient) compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.7 [0.51, 5.7]
  1 study · 45 participants
  High

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.13 [0.8, 1.58]
  1 study · 1400 participants
  Moderate

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to lower educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.77 [0.72, 0.81]
  1 study · 27580 participants
  High

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher payment to physicians versus no payment compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.22 [1.77, 2.77]
  2 studies · 2815 participants
  High

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Increasing community demand leads to higher client reminder and recall (letter + leaflet or postcard) compared… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

• Interventions to increase influenza vaccination rates of those 60 years and older in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.11 [1.07, 1.15]
  3 studies · 64200 participants
  High