Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

199 questions · 205 findings · 15 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 69 · 33.7%GRADE not reported 24 · 11.7%Very low 56 · 27.3%Low 43 · 21%Moderate 13 · 6.3%High 0 · 0%

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other types of alarm (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs miscellaneous treatments

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with miscellaneous treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observations) ‐ Systemic administration (any incontinence) · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen may leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observation) ‐ oestrogen + other treatments versus placebo · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen + other treatments probably leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observations) ‐ Local administration (any incontinence) · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen changes incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with tricyclics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review