Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

277 questions · 281 findings · 52 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 54 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 13 · 4.6%Very low 64 · 22.8%Low 71 · 25.3%Moderate 69 · 24.6%High 10 · 3.6%

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parental self‐harm ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Psychological wellbeing ‐ post‐interventiond · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parent–child relationship ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parenting skills; postintervention · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Substance use ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parent relationship quality ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parental self‐harm ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parent‐child relationship or assessment of parenting · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 153 participants
Low

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parenting skills; postintervention · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 149 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Trauma‐related symptoms ‐ post‐interventionb · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 247 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Psychological wellbeing ‐ post‐interventiond · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 507 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.83, 0.93]
19 studies · 1202382 participants
High

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Vomiting · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to higher vomiting compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.97 [1.44, 2.69]
4 studies · 10541 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Vitamin A deficiency · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower vitamin A deficiency compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.65, 0.78]
4 studies · 2262 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to diarrhoea · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower mortality due to diarrhoea compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.98]
9 studies · 1098538 participants
High

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to measles · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to measles compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.69, 1.11]
6 studies · 1088261 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to LRTI · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to LRTI compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.12]
9 studies · 1098538 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Diarrhoea incidence Mean episodes per child per year · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation may leads to lower diarrhoea incidence Mean episodes per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.82, 0.87]
15 studies · 77946 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Measles incidence Mean episodes of measles per child per year · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation probably leads to lower measles incidence Mean episodes of measles per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.37, 0.67]
6 studies · 19566 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Incidence of LRTI · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in LRTI incidence Mean episodes per child per year compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.06]
11 studies · 27540 participants
Low