Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

169 questions · 181 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 44 · 24.3%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.8%Very low 52 · 28.7%Low 48 · 26.5%Moderate 30 · 16.6%High 2 · 1.1%

Intervention not reported

RESPIRATOTY RATE POST‐intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 636 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HEART RATE DURING intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1014 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Global state: No clinically important overall improvement (as rated by individual trials) ‐ medium term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

The intervention may leads to lower global state: No clinically important overall improvement (as rated… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.24, 0.59]
2 studies · 133 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mental state: specific ‐ negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (SANS, high score = poor) medium term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 177 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mental state: general ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS, high score = poor) ‐ medium term, ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 159 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mental state: General ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS, high score = poor) ‐ medium term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Functioning: general ‐ average endpoint score (GAF, high score = good) medium term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 118 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Functioning: social ‐ average endpoint score (SDSS, high score = poor) medium term, ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 160 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Quality of life: general ‐ average endpoint score (GWB, high score = good) ‐ short term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Moderate