Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

188 questions · 193 findings · 30 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 54 · 28%GRADE not reported 23 · 11.9%Very low 50 · 25.9%Low 47 · 24.4%Moderate 15 · 7.8%High 4 · 2.1%

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Economic outcomes · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Global state: Average endpoint score CGAS (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Mental State: Mean end point score PANSS ‐ (high score = good) · Adolescents with psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Cognitive functioning: Attaining normal cognitive functioning ‐ Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Global functioning: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Adverse events: Not reported · Adolescents with psychosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Service use: Number of participants needing admission · Adolescents with psychosis

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) showed no clear difference in service use: Number of participants needing admission compared with NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.36, 1.96]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) vs NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term)

Leaving the study early · Adolescents with psychosis

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL (PE) + MULTIFAMILY TREATMENT (MFT) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: For any reason compared with NONSTRUCTURED GROUP THERAPY (NSGT, all long‐term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.1, 2.6]
1 study · 55 participants
Low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Subjective well‐being · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Craving · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Adherence to antipsychotic medication: number of missed doses, average endpoint data, short term (up to 6 months) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Parkinsonism ‐ average endpoint score (SAS, high = worse) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.34, 1.35]
2 studies · 77 participants
Very low

RISPERIDONE vs PERHENAZINE ‒ long‐term data

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with PERHENAZINE ‒ long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.92, 1.2]
1 study · 281 participants
Low

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.85, 1.1]
1 study · 240 participants
Low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Mental state: 2. Specific‐ Positive symptoms, total score‐ average endpoint scores (SADS‐C‐PD scale, lower = better) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Substance use: 1. Reduction of cannabis use‐change data (number of joints smoked/week) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

SHORT vs LONG HOSPITAL STAY

Death ‐ 2 years · patients with people with severe mental illnesses

It is very uncertain whether SHORT changes death ‐ 2 years compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Length of hospitalisation for people with severe mental illness 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.1, 1.83]
1 study · 175 participants
Very low

SHORT vs LONG HOSPITAL STAY

Service outcomes: 3. Leaving hospital prematurely ‐ by 2 years Participants leaving the study prematurely · patients with people with severe mental illnesses

SHORT showed no clear difference in service outcomes: 3. Leaving hospital prematurely ‐ by 2 years… compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Length of hospitalisation for people with severe mental illness 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.34, 1.77]
2 studies · 229 participants
Low

SHORT vs LONG HOSPITAL STAY

Service outcomes: 4. Discharge delayed beyond the time planned in study ‐ 2‐year data Number of participants kept beyond projected time of discharge · patients with people with severe mental illnesses

SHORT may leads to lower service outcomes: 4. Discharge delayed beyond the time planned in… compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Length of hospitalisation for people with severe mental illness 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.33, 0.88]
3 studies · 404 participants
Low