Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

660 questions · 679 findings · 99 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 17 · 2.5%Very low 199 · 29.3%Low 189 · 27.8%Moderate 97 · 14.3%High 17 · 2.5%

Botulinum toxin vs placebo

Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Botulinum toxin injection showed no clear difference in participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · septal surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

(RCT) Safe injection systems vs regular systems

Needlestick injuries · preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel

It is very uncertain whether (RCT) Safe injection systems changes questionnaire reported Needlestick injuries 6 mo compared with regular systems RCT (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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(RCT) Safe injection systems vs regular systems

Needlestick injury rate · preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel

It is very uncertain whether (CBA) Safe injection systems changes needlestick injury rate compared with regular systems (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA scan at 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone (unit of analysis: children) · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review