Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

412 questions · 450 findings · 63 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 91 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 34 · 7.6%Very low 151 · 33.6%Low 113 · 25.1%Moderate 50 · 11.1%High 11 · 2.4%

Intervention not reported

Behavioural predictors of car use Intention to use active transport after obtaining a driving licence. Measured pre‐ and postintervention, and at 8 weeks' · teenagers, aged 17–19 years

1 finding from 1 review

Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
860 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: breast cancer screening Multimodal/complex intervention versus usual care at 12 months · participants at risk for breast, colorectal or cervical cancer; or osteoporosis

The intervention leads to higher behavioural outcome: breast cancer screening Multimodal/complex… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.17 [1.55, 3.04]
2 studies · 462 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: colorectal cancer screening Multimodal/complex intervention versus usual care at median · participants at risk for breast, colorectal or cervical cancer; or osteoporosis

The intervention leads to higher behavioural outcome: colorectal cancer screening Multimodal/complex… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.19 [1.88, 2.55]
3 studies · 1013 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Clinical and behavioural outcome: BMI score in adults Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus or IVR versus usual care at median · overweight or obese individuals (both children and adults)

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 672 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication Multimodal/complex interventionsb versus usual care or control · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 888 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to laboratory tests ATCS Plus or IVR versus no intervention or usual care · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 15218 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcomes: AUDIT score, 6 weeks IVR versus control (no intervention) · participants addicted to alcohol

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1423 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcomes: other alcohol consumption indices, 4 weeks IVR versus control (no intervention) · participants addicted to alcohol

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 98 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: physical activity Multimodal/complex interventionb versus no calls · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 181 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: physical activity, 12 months Multimodal/complex interventiond versus usual care · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 700 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus (various) controls or usual care at median · patients with tobacco dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.98, 1.46]
7 studies · 2915 participants
Low

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy plus pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone

ADHD symptom severity: clinician rated · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 65 participants
Very low

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy plus pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone

ADHD symptoms: self‐reported Assessed by: various scales · adults with ADHD (available evidence for participants aged between 25 to 53 years old)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 66 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

Mental state: Common Mental Disorder (CMD) – at 6 months (Analysis 2.2.1) (CMD) · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support showed no clear difference in mental state: Common Mental Disorder (CMD) – at 6 months (Analysis… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.44 [0.83, 2.49]
1 study · 215 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

Quality of life ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

Cost of service utilisation · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 225 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

Aggressive behaviour: Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) Total – at 6 months (Analysis 2.1.1) · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 275 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

Ability to control anger ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment

Adaptive functioning ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

School achievement: Reading · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 284 participants
Low