What do systematic reviews say?

1,782 questions · 1,852 findings · 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 557 · 30.1%GRADE not reported 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Intervention not reported

Health service utilisation ‐ curative care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries

1 finding from 1 review

The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Health service utilisation ‐ curative and preventive care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries

1 finding from 1 review

The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

LHWs to promote immunisation uptake in children vs usual care

Immunisation schedule up to date Interviews with mothers, record reviews · patients with improving immunisation uptake among children < 2 years whose vaccination is not up to date

LHWs to promote immunisation uptake in children probably leads to higher immunisation schedule up to date Interviews with mothers, record… compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [1.1, 1.37]
4 studies · 3568 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Completed preventive therapy with Isoniazid ‐ LHW supported self‐supervision or DOT compared with self‐supervision · patients with tuberculosis (TB) treatment

The intervention showed no clear difference in completed preventive therapy with Isoniazid ‐ LHW supported… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.92, 1.09]
2 studies · 595 participants
Moderate

LHW support vs usual care

Breastfeeding initiation · patients with breastfeeding

LHW support probably leads to higher initiation of breastfeeding Self‐report compared with conventional support or care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [1.14, 1.61]
12 studies · 17159 participants
Moderate

LHW support vs usual care

Breastfeeding · patients with breastfeeding

LHW support probably leads to higher any breastfeeding Self‐report compared with conventional support or care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.1, 1.39]
12 studies · 8104 participants
Moderate

LHW support vs usual care

Exclusive breastfeeding Self‐report · patients with breastfeeding

LHW support probably leads to higher exclusive breastfeeding Self‐report compared with conventional support or care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.78 [1.74, 4.44]
10 studies · 4334 participants
Moderate

LHWs vs usual care

Mortality among children less than 5 years Verbal autopsy · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years

LHWs showed no clear difference in mortality among children less than 5 years Verbal autopsy compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.03]
3 studies · 56378 participants
Low

LHWs vs usual care

Morbidity e.g. fever, diarrhoea, ARI Verbal reports obtained during home visits, record reviews · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years

LHWs may leads to lower morbidity e.g. fever, diarrhoea, ARI Verbal reports obtained during… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.99]
7 studies · 17408 participants
Low

LHWs vs usual care

Neonatal Mortality verbal autopsy · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years

LHWs showed no clear difference in neonatal Mortality verbal autopsy compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02]
4 studies · 29217 participants
Low

LHWs vs usual care

Morbidity ‐ care seeking practice hospital record review · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years

LHWs showed no clear difference in morbidity ‐ care seeking practice hospital record review compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.86, 2.05]
3 studies · 11195 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cure for smear positive TB patients (new and retreatment) Sputum smear test · patients with tuberculosis (TB) treatment

The intervention probably leads to higher cure for smear positive TB patients (new and retreatment) Sputum… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [1.13, 1.31]
4 studies · 1203 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All process outcomes · Physicians (any specialty)

1 finding from 1 review

The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
114 studies · 935 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Prescription of medications · Physicians (any specialty)

1 finding from 1 review

The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
64 studies · 276 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Prescription of recommended vaccines · Physicians (any specialty)

1 finding from 1 review

The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
30 studies · 212 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Test ordering · Physicians (any specialty)

1 finding from 1 review

The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
25 studies · 539 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Elements of recommended documentation · Physicians (any specialty)

1 finding from 1 review

The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 66 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Other process outcomes · Physicians (any specialty)

1 finding from 1 review

The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
32 studies · 300 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health services utilisation

1 finding from 1 review

The impact of conditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle income… 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Immunisationcoverage

The intervention probably leads to lower immunisationcoverage (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The impact of conditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle income… 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate