Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Clinical severity scales · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

Quality of life scores · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 594 participants
Low

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Limb salvage · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term)

Secondary patency (24 months) · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index… showed no clear difference in vessel or graft secondary patency compared with pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (long term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.19, 3.51]
1 study · 156 participants
Low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Moderate

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Moderate

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

QoL · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Moderate

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Global assessment of efficacy ≥ 50% improvement in pain Medium‐term · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
Very low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Adverse eventsc · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
Very low

Spinal cord stimulation vs placebo

Serious adverse eventsd · adults with low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Development Index < 85 (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Bayley Scales of Infant Development Psychomotor Development Index < 85 (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Cerebral palsy · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Necrotising enterocolitis prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants

The intervention may leads to lower necrotising enterocolitis prior to hospital discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81
13 studies · 1507 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Mortality prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality prior to hospital discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.7, 1.36]
12 studies · 1399 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Feed intolerance prior to hospital discharge · very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants

The intervention may leads to lower feed intolerance prior to hospital discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.97]
6 studies · 581 participants
Low