Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,749 questions · 14,273 findings · 834 reviews

No studies found 3,655 · 25.6%GRADE not reported 2,115 · 14.8%Very low 3,646 · 25.5%Low 3,034 · 21.3%Moderate 1,503 · 10.5%High 320 · 2.2%

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Familiar odour (breast milk smell) vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Familiar odour (breast milk smell) showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch vs usual care

Heart rate · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch showed no clear difference in heart rate compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch vs usual care

SaO 2 during endotracheal suctioning · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch showed no clear difference in saO 2 during endotracheal suctioning compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review