Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,733 questions · 1,794 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 243 · 13.5%GRADE not reported 96 · 5.4%Very low 597 · 33.3%Low 506 · 28.2%Moderate 303 · 16.9%High 49 · 2.7%

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intensive counseling vs usual family planning care

Continuation of hormonal contraceptive method · Women of reproductive age seeking to avoid pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether intensive counseling changes continuation of hormonal contraceptive method compared with usual family planning care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive counseling vs usual family planning care

Rate of discontinuation due to menstrual disturbances · Women of reproductive age seeking to avoid pregnancy

Intensive counseling may leads to lower rate of discontinuation due to menstrual disturbances compared with usual family planning care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive counseling vs usual family planning care

Rate of discontinuation due to all other adverse events · Women of reproductive age seeking to avoid pregnancy

Intensive counseling showed no clear difference in rate of discontinuation due to all other adverse events compared with usual family planning care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reminders (+/‐ educational information) vs usual family planning care

Continuation of hormonal contraceptive method · Women of reproductive age seeking to avoid pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether reminders (+/‐ educational information) changes continuation of hormonal contraceptive method compared with usual family planning care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reminders (+/‐ educational information) vs usual family planning care

Adherence to method use as indicated by on‐time injections overall · Women of reproductive age seeking to avoid pregnancy

Reminders (+/‐ educational information) showed no clear difference in adherence to method use as indicated by on‐time injections overall compared with usual family planning care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Relapse · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens probably leads to higher relapse compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Serious adverse events · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Death from any cause · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in death from any cause compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Treatment failure · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in treatment failure compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Acquired drug resistance · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in acquired drug resistance compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Serious adverse events · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Moxifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Relapse · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens probably leads to higher relapse compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Death from any cause · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in death from any cause compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens vs standard 6‐month ATT regimen

Treatment failure · adults with drug‐sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis

Gatifloxacin‐containing 4‐month ATT regimens showed no clear difference in treatment failure compared with standard 6‐month ATT regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review