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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,938 questions · 2,020 findings · 107 reviews

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No studies found 570 · 28.2%GRADE not reported 266 · 13.2%Very low 578 · 28.6%Low 462 · 22.9%Moderate 118 · 5.8%High 26 · 1.3%

Lidocaine vs placebo

Incidence of pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Lidocaine may leads to lower pain ‐ lidocaine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs placebo

Pain ‐ remifentanil · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Remifentanil may leads to lower pain ‐ remifentanil compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antispasticity drugs vs placebo

Indirect measure of spasticity Modified Ashworth Scale · people with spasticity following stroke

It is very uncertain whether systemic antispasticity drugs changes indirect measure of spasticity Modified Ashworth Scale compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review