Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,841 questions · 1,893 findings · 109 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 546 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 117 · 6.2%Very low 613 · 32.4%Low 473 · 25%Moderate 118 · 6.2%High 26 · 1.4%

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (1 to 70) Panic Disorder Severity Scale (0 to 28) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) · adults with panic disorder
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term remission compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term response · adults with panic disorder

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term response compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Leaving the study early · adults with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether all psychological therapies changes dropouts for any reason compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): panic frequency Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitive Questionnaire (1 to 70) Fear Questionnaire Agoraphobia Subscale (0 to 14) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) STAI ... · adults with panic disorder
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs SSRI

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): panic frequency Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitive Questionnaire (1 to 70) Fear Questionnaire Agoraphobia Subscale (0 to 14) · adults with panic disorder
1 finding from 1 review