What do systematic reviews say?

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration may leads to lower patient outcomes: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds having one… compared with fee-for-service remuneration (low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Rural community
  RR 0.70
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Commuter suburb community
  RR 1.00
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Northern urban community
  RR 0.72
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration showed no clear difference in measures of health service utilisation: mean number of visits per 0-… compared with fee-for-service remuneration (low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Commuter suburb community
  MD -0.4
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Scottish community
  MD -0.5
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Rural community
  MD -0.3
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration showed no clear difference in patient outcomes: mean number of decayed teeth per 14- to… compared with fee-for-service remuneration (low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Scottish community
  MD 0.15
  1 study · 1919 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Commuter suburb community
  MD 0.07
  1 study · 1919 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Rural community
  MD 0.75
  1 study · 1919 participants
  Low

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration showed no clear difference in unintended effects: self-reported temptation to under-prescribe (0-… compared with fee-for-service remuneration; GRADE not reported.

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years
  MD 20.6
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration may leads to higher measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 0- to 15-year-olds… compared with fee-for-service remuneration (low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Northern urban community
  RR 2.42
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Rural community
  RR 0.85
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Scottish community
  RR 1.32
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low

Fee‐for‐service (FFS) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

It is very uncertain whether fee-for-service remuneration changes measures of clinical activity: mean percentage of 12- to… compared with no specific intervention (control) (very low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  18 months
  RD 7.1 [-1.9, 16.1]
  1 study · 133 participants
  Very low

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration showed no clear difference in healthcare costs: mean expenditure in GBP per 0- to 15-year-old… compared with fee-for-service remuneration (low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 year · Scottish community
  MD 1.52
  1 study · 276414 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 year · Northern urban community
  MD 4.22
  1 study · 276414 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 year · Commuter suburb community
  MD 6.18
  1 study · 276414 participants
  Low

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration showed no clear difference in unintended effects: self-reported temptation to over-prescribe (0-… compared with fee-for-service remuneration; GRADE not reported.

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years
  MD -14.9
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration

Capitation remuneration showed no clear difference in patient outcomes: mean number of filled teeth per 0- to 15-year-old compared with fee-for-service remuneration (low certainty).

• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Commuter suburb community
  MD -0.03
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Scottish community
  MD -0.28
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low
• The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 years · Northern urban community
  MD -0.18
  1 study · 2250 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 372 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in death (low certainty).

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.8, 1.45]
  10 studies · 14046 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in anticoagulants: events ‐ bleeding (low certainty).

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.3, 1.41]
  6 studies · 552 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes anticoagulants: events ‐ thromboembolism (very low certainty).

• Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.25 [0.66, 16.03]
  4 studies · 355 participants
  Very low