Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…
It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Recovery (long‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…
It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Recovered · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…
It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes recovery (long‐term) Number of patients who had recovered or number… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Other complications (thrombosis, embolism, haematomediastinum and hydromediastinum, haematothorax and hydrothorax, pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, nerve injury) · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in other complications (thrombosis, embolism, haematomediastinum and… compared with anatomical landmarks (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
First‐attempt success rate · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization
Ultrasound guidance leads to higher success with attempt number 1 compared with anatomical landmarks (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall success rate · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in overall success rate compared with anatomical landmarks (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Arterial puncture · patients with femoral vein cannulation for central vein catheterization
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in arterial puncture compared with anatomical landmarks (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functional outcomes · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Unacceptable malunion · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions probably leads to lower unacceptable malunion Assessed by imaging compared with conservative interventions (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to return to usual activities⁶(time to return to school) · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Child satisfaction Assessed by an ordinal rating scale (11 points): very unhappy to very happy · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions may leads to higher parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Resource use and other costs · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found