Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,773 questions · 1,817 findings · 212 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 383 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 192 · 10.6%Very low 472 · 26%Low 444 · 24.4%Moderate 228 · 12.5%High 98 · 5.4%

Paracervical vs intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia

Providers' satisfaction with the procedure · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta

It is very uncertain whether paracervical block changes providers' satisfaction with the procedure compared with intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracervical vs intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia

Women's satisfaction with the procedure · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta

It is very uncertain whether paracervical block changes women's satisfaction with the procedure compared with intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Family therapy vs psychological interventions

Remission

It is very uncertain whether family therapy changes remission post‐intervention compared with psychological interventions (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs high‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general anaesthetic as a result of failure to establish adequate initial blockade · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general… compared with high‐dose spinal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs high‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at any time after CSE or spinal anaesthetic insertion · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether combined spinal‐epidural changes number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at… compared with high‐dose spinal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs low‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general anaesthetic as a result of failure to establish adequate initial blockade · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general… compared with low‐dose spinal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs low‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at any time after CSE or spinal anaesthetic insertion · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at… compared with low‐dose spinal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review