Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,092 questions · 3,199 findings · 339 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 714 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 181 · 5.7%Very low 695 · 21.7%Low 908 · 28.4%Moderate 568 · 17.8%High 133 · 4.2%

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee function (short term) compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

All‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring · patients with proximal femoral fracture

It is very uncertain whether advanced haemodynamic monitoring changes all‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring compared with protocol using standard measures such (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

Adverse outcomes ‐ all · patients with proximal femoral fracture

It is very uncertain whether advanced haemodynamic monitoring changes adverse outcomes ‐ all compared with protocol using standard measures such (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review