Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Change in quality of life · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Change in pulmonary function · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Low

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Moderate

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine showed no clear difference in adverse events related to treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.92, 1.89]
1 study · 61 participants
Moderate

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate vs placebo

Seizure frequency · people with ADHD and epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate vs placebo

Proportion of individuals withdrawing from treatment · people with ADHD and epilepsy

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate probably leads to higher proportion of people withdrawing from treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.8 [1.14, 6.89]
1 study · 33 participants
Moderate

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate vs placebo

Seizure severity · people with ADHD and epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate vs placebo

50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with ADHD and epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate vs placebo

ADHD symptoms · people with ADHD and epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate vs placebo

Adverse drug events · people with ADHD and epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Moderate

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy vs conventional therapy

Dry eye symptoms, measured using the OSDI score (ranging from 0 to 100 units, with a reduction in scores indicating clinical improvement) at 1‐month (with actual · people with dry eyea

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy showed no clear difference in dry eye symptoms, measured using the OSDI score (ranging from 0 to… compared with conventional therapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 70 participants
Low

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy vs conventional therapy

Ocular surface staining · people with dry eyea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy vs conventional therapy

Aqueous tear production · people with dry eyea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy vs conventional therapy

Tear film stability · people with dry eyea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy vs conventional therapy

Change in tear osmolarity (measured in mOsmol/L, with reductions in osmolarity indicating clinical improvement) at 1‐month (with actual · people with dry eyea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral omega‐3 PUFAs plus conventional therapy vs conventional therapy

Adverse events at 1‐month · people with dry eyea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days)

Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) showed no clear difference in complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment compared with meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.9, 1.23]
7 studies · 676 participants
Low

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days)

Adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) probably leads to higher adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) compared with meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.45 [1.72, 3.49]
3 studies · 464 participants
Moderate

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days)

Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found