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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin

current versions

No studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Topical imiquimod 5% (3 times/week) + meglumine antimoniate (IVMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo + IVMA Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Thermotherapy one session (at 50 ºC for 30 seconds) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg Sb5/kg/day Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.8 [0.68, 0.95]	1 study · 292 participants	High
Thermotherapy one session (at 50 ºC for 30 seconds) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg Sb5/kg/day Adverse effects · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 292 participants	High
Thermotherapy one session (at 50 ºC for 30 seconds) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg Sb5/kg/day Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.18]	1 study · 70 participants	Moderate
Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day Adverse effects (number of participants who had at least one adverse effect) · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.51 [1.17, 1.96]	1 study · 134 participants	Moderate
Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo Adverse effects · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 70 participants	Moderate
Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day Recurrence · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.79 [0.17, 19.26]	1 study · 127 participants	Low
Oral miltefosine (50 mg for 28 days) vs placebo (same regimen) Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.25 [1.42, 3.38]	1 study · 133 participants	Moderate
Oral miltefosine (50 mg for 28 days) vs placebo (same regimen) Adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.96 [1.49, 10.48]	1 study · 133 participants	Moderate
Oral miltefosine (50 mg for 28 days) vs placebo (same regimen) Recurrence · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.97 [0.37, 23.89]	1 study · 133 participants	Low
Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days) Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.9, 1.23]	7 studies · 676 participants	Low
Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days) Adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.45 [1.72, 3.49]	3 studies · 464 participants	Moderate
Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days) Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
IFN‐α + PUVA vs PUVA alone Improvement of quality of life · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Bexarotene + PUVA vs PUVA alone Common adverse effects ‐ Photosensitivity (Time point of measurement: up to 16 weeks) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.68 [0.11, 64.04]	1 study · 87 participants	Low
Bexarotene + PUVA vs PUVA alone Complete response (Time point of measurement: up to 16 weeks) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.41 [0.71, 2.8]	1 study · 93 participants	Low
Bexarotene + PUVA vs PUVA alone Objective response rate (Time point of measurement: up to 16 weeks) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.44]	1 study · 93 participants	Low
IFN‐α + acitretin vs IFN‐α + PUVA Improvement of quality of life · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
IFN‐α + acitretin vs IFN‐α + PUVA Common adverse effects ‐ Flu‐like symptoms (Time point of measurement: up to 48 weeks or until complete response) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.32 [0.92, 1.88]	1 study · 82 participants	Low
IFN‐α + acitretin vs IFN‐α + PUVA Complete response (Time point of measurement: up to 48 weeks or until complete response) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.54 [0.35, 0.84]	1 study · 82 participants	Low
IFN‐α + acitretin vs IFN‐α + PUVA Objective response rate · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PUVA maintenance vs no maintenance Improvement of quality of life · mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Ungraded
PUVA maintenance vs no maintenance Common adverse effects · mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Ungraded
PUVA maintenance vs no maintenance Complete response · mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Ungraded
IFN‐α + PUVA vs PUVA alone Common adverse effects · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PUVA maintenance vs no maintenance Objective response rate · mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1 participants	Ungraded
IFN‐α + PUVA vs PUVA alone Complete response (CR) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.87, 1.31]	2 studies · 122 participants	Low
IFN‐α + PUVA vs PUVA alone Objective response rate (ORR) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Extracorporeal photopheresis vs PUVA Improvement of quality of life · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Extracorporeal photopheresis vs PUVA Common adverse effects (Time point of measurement: three months of PUVA or six months of ECPc) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 16 participants	Very low
Extracorporeal photopheresis vs PUVA Complete response (Time point of measurement: three months of PUVA or six months of ECPc) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.61]	1 study · 16 participants	Very low
Extracorporeal photopheresis vs PUVA Objective response rate (Time point of measurement: three months of PUVA or six months of ECPc) · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.08 [0.01, 1.17]	1 study · 16 participants	Very low
Bexarotene + PUVA vs PUVA alone Improvement of quality of life · people with mycosis fungoides Interventions for mycosis fungoides (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Benzoyl peroxide vs placebo or no treatment Participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.27 [1.12, 1.45]	3 studies · 2234 participants	Low
Benzoyl peroxide vs erythromycin Participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) ‐ not measured · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Benzoyl peroxide vs erythromycin Withdrawal due to adverse effects (medium‐term data) Treatment duration: 8 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.07, 15.26]	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs erythromycin Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: 10 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 89 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs salicylic acid Participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) ‐ not measured · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Benzoyl peroxide vs salicylic acid Withdrawal due to adverse effects (long‐term data) Treatment duration: 12 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 59 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs salicylic acid Total number of participants with any adverse events (medium‐term data) Treatment duration: 6 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 4.77 [0.24, 93.67]	1 study · 41 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs placebo or no treatment Withdrawal due to adverse effects (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.13 [1.55, 2.93]	24 studies · 13744 participants	Low
Benzoyl peroxide vs placebo or no treatment Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.4 [1.15, 1.7]	21 studies · 11028 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs adapalene Participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.1]	5 studies · 1472 participants	Low
Benzoyl peroxide vs adapalene Withdrawal due to adverse effects (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 11 weeks to 24 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.85 [0.94, 3.64]	11 studies · 3295 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs adapalene Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 11 weeks to 24 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.71 [0.5, 1]	7 studies · 2120 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs clindamycin Participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.68, 1.34]	1 study · 240 participants	Low
Benzoyl peroxide vs clindamycin Withdrawal due to adverse effects (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.93 [0.9, 4.11]	8 studies · 3330 participants	Very low
Benzoyl peroxide vs clindamycin Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · acne vulgaris Topical benzoyl peroxide for acne (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.24 [0.97, 1.58]	6 studies · 3018 participants	Moderate