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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Glucocorticoids vs no glucocorticoids or placebo Clinical pregnancy rate per couple: dosage and timing of glucocorticoids – clinical pregnancy rate: higher dose glucocorticoids · women receiving assisted reproductive technology cycles Peri‐implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.87, 1.5] | 7 studies · 1187 participants | Very low |
Glucocorticoids vs no glucocorticoids or placebo Clinical pregnancy rate per couple: dosage and timing of glucocorticoids – clinical pregnancy rate: glucocorticoids during implantation · women receiving assisted reproductive technology cycles Peri‐implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.9, 1.52] | 7 studies · 1246 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs placebo or no treatment Live birth rate per couple randomised · patients with male subfertility Antioxidants for male subfertility (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.43 [1.07, 1.91] | 12 studies · 1283 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs placebo or no treatment Clinical pregnancy rate per couple randomised · patients with male subfertility Antioxidants for male subfertility (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.89 [1.45, 2.47] | 20 studies · 1706 participants | Low |
Antioxidants vs placebo or no treatment Adverse events ‐ Miscarriage · patients with male subfertility Antioxidants for male subfertility (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [0.75, 2.83] | 6 studies · 664 participants | Very low |
Antioxidants vs placebo or no treatment Adverse events ‐ Gastrointestinal · patients with male subfertility Antioxidants for male subfertility (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.7 [1.46, 4.99] | 16 studies · 1355 participants | Low |
Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol Uterine volume (mL)(measured after 12 months) · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Endometrial histology · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Uterine perfusion · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Reproductive outcomes · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Adverse events · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Uterine volume (mL)(measured after 14 days) · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Uterine volume (mL)(measured after 21 days) · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Endometrial thickness (mm)(measured after 14 days) · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Endometrial thickness (mm)(measured after 21 days) · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Endometrial histology · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Uterine perfusion · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol Endometrial thickness · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Reproductive outcomes · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone Adverse events · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol Endometrial histology · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol Uterine perfusion · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol Reproductive outcomes · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol Adverse events · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Uterine volume (mL)(measured after 3 years) · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Uterine volume (mL) (measured after 5 years) · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose Endometrial thickness · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse Live birth rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.72 [1.4, 2.11] | 11 studies · 2060 participants | High |
Letrozole vs laparoscopic ovarian drilling Multiple pregnancy rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 3 [0.12, 74.9] | 1 study · 141 participants | Very low |
Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1848 participants | High |
Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse Clinical pregnancy rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.69 [1.45, 1.98] | 23 studies · 3321 participants | High |
Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse Miscarriage rate per pregnancy · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.66, 1.32] | 15 studies · 736 participants | High |
Letrozole with or without adjuncts vs SERMs with or without adjuncts followed by timed intercourse Multiple pregnancy rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.42, 1.32] | 14 studies · 2247 participants | High |
Letrozole vs laparoscopic ovarian drilling Live birth rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.07 [0.99, 4.32] | 1 study · 141 participants | Very low |
Letrozole vs laparoscopic ovarian drilling Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Letrozole vs laparoscopic ovarian drilling Clinical pregnancy rate · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.47 [0.95, 2.28] | 3 studies · 376 participants | Low |
Letrozole vs laparoscopic ovarian drilling Miscarriage rate per pregnancy · infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.65 [0.22, 1.92] | 3 studies · 122 participants | Low |
Intentional endometrial injury vs no intervention or a sham procedure Live birth (primary analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.78, 1.59] | 1 study · 210 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Live birth or ongoing pregnancy: early (EFP) vs late (LFP) follicular phase · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy: early (EFP) vs late (LFP) follicular phase (primary analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy: early (EFP) vs late (LFP) follicular phase (sensitivity analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.31, 1.94] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pain during the procedure (primary analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Pain during the procedure (sensitivity analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Intentional endometrial injury vs no intervention or a sham procedure Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (sensitivity analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [1.32, 2.21] | 8 studies · 1522 participants | Very low |
Intentional endometrial injury vs no intervention or a sham procedure Clinical pregnancy (primary analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intentional endometrial injury vs no intervention or a sham procedure Clinical pregnancy (sensitivity analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [1.67, 2.45] | 19 studies · 3184 participants | Low |
Intentional endometrial injury vs no intervention or a sham procedure Pain during the procedure · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 991 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Live birth or ongoing pregnancy: prior cycle vs IUI cycle · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy: prior cycle vs IUI cycle (primary analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical pregnancy: prior cycle vs IUI cycle (sensitivity analysis) · infertile women or couples attempting to conceive through sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (IUI) Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.76, 1.46] | 4 studies · 410 participants | Very low |