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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
767 questions in 53 reviews · Back and Neck
current versionsNo studies 149 · 19.4%Ungraded 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Manipulation (cervical) vs oral medicine PARTICIPANT SATISFACTION · patients with acute and subacute neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation (cervical) vs oral medicine QUALITY OF LIFE · patients with acute and subacute neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control PAIN · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control Acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 242 participants | Moderate |
Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control Chronic neck pain Intermediate‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 111 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic+/‐UE Strengthening + Dynamic/Static Cervical Stabilization + ANOTHER INTERVENTION vs THAT SAME INTERVENTION Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( · patients with mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 241 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical/Shoulder Stabilization vs WAIT LIST Global Perceived Effect: General Health Perception 0 worse to 100 better ( · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical/Shoulder Stabilization vs WAIT LIST Adverse Effects · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic MND: Qigong Stretch/ROM + Endurance Training + Dynamic Stabilization + Cognitive (mindfulness & emotional balance) vs WAIT LIST Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 148 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Qigong Stretch/ROM + Endurance Training + Dynamic Stabilization + Cognitive (mindfulness & emotional balance) vs WAIT LIST Function: NPDI 0 no disability to 100 maximum disability ( · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 148 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Qigong Stretch/ROM + Endurance Training + Dynamic Stabilization + Cognitive (mindfulness & emotional balance) vs WAIT LIST Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 148 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Qigong Stretch/ROM + Endurance Training + Dynamic Stabilization + Cognitive (mindfulness & emotional balance) vs WAIT LIST Global Perceived Effect: General Health Perception 0 worse to 100 better ( · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Qigong Stretch/ROM + Endurance Training + Dynamic Stabilization + Cognitive (mindfulness & emotional balance) vs WAIT LIST Adverse Effects · patients with chronic mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acute Radiculopathy: Cervical Stretch/ROM + Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs WAIT LIST Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( · patients with acute radiculopathy Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 133 participants | Low |
Acute Radiculopathy: Cervical Stretch/ROM + Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs WAIT LIST Function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( · patients with acute radiculopathy Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 133 participants | Low |
Acute Radiculopathy: Cervical Stretch/ROM + Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs WAIT LIST Patient Satisfaction: 5‐point scale, 1 to 5; very satisfied to unsatisfied ( · patients with acute radiculopathy Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 129 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic+/‐UE Strengthening + Dynamic/Static Cervical Stabilization + ANOTHER INTERVENTION vs THAT SAME INTERVENTION Function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( · patients with mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 241 participants | Moderate |
Acute Radiculopathy: Cervical Stretch/ROM + Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs WAIT LIST Adverse Effects · patients with acute radiculopathy Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acute to subacute CGH: Cervical stretch/ROM vs SHAM Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with subAcute cervicogenic headache (CGH) Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Acute to subacute CGH: Cervical stretch/ROM vs SHAM Adverse effects · patients with subAcute cervicogenic headache (CGH) Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs NO INTERVENTION Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( · patients with chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 97 participants | Moderate |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs NO INTERVENTION Function: NPNPQ 0% no disability to 100% maximum disability ( · patients with chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 97 participants | Moderate |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs NO INTERVENTION Global Perceived Effect: VAS 0 to 100 ( · patients with chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 97 participants | Moderate |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs NO INTERVENTION Adverse effects · patients with chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 participants | Ungraded |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs Manual Therapy Pain Intensity: 6 weeks treatment VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( · patients with Chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs Manual Therapy Function: NPNPQ 0% no disability to 100% maximum disability ( · patients with Chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs Manual Therapy Global Perceived Effect: VAS 0 to 100 ( · patients with Chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic+/‐UE Strengthening + Dynamic/Static Cervical Stabilization + ANOTHER INTERVENTION vs THAT SAME INTERVENTION Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · patients with mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 165 participants | Low |
Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs Manual Therapy Adverse effects · patients with Chronic CGH Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 participants | Ungraded |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercise + Cervical/UE Strengthening + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs PLACEBO or SHAM Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | mean difference 0.26 | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercise + Cervical/UE Strengthening + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs PLACEBO or SHAM Function: 2 months treatment NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( · patients with chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | mean difference 0.12 | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercise + Cervical/UE Strengthening + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs PLACEBO or SHAM Adverse effects · patients with chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs SHAM Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | mean difference 0.04 | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs SHAM Function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( · patients with chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | mean difference 0.14 | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs SHAM Adverse effects · patients with chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic MND: Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Stretch + UE Endurance Training vs NO INTERVENTION or WAIT LIST Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | mean difference 0 | 1 study · 393 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Stretch + UE Endurance Training vs NO INTERVENTION or WAIT LIST Function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | mean difference 0.07 | 1 study · 393 participants | Moderate |
Chronic MND: Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Stretch + UE Endurance Training vs NO INTERVENTION or WAIT LIST Adverse effects Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic+/‐UE Strengthening + Dynamic/Static Cervical Stabilization + ANOTHER INTERVENTION vs THAT SAME INTERVENTION Patient Satisfaction: 1 to 7; completely satisfied to completely dissatisfied ( · patients with mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 101 participants | Moderate |
Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic/UE Endurance Training vs CONTROL Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( · patients with Acute to Chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 198 participants | Moderate |
Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic/UE Endurance Training vs CONTROL Adverse effects · patients with Acute to Chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Ungraded |
Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 10 worst pain ( · patients with subacute/chronic WAD Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 132 participants | Low |
Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT Function: NDI 0 no disability to 50 maximum disability ( · patients with subacute/chronic WAD Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 132 participants | Low |
Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT Global perceived effect: ‐5 to 5 scale; vastly worse to completely recovered ( · patients with subacute/chronic WAD Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 132 participants | Low |
Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT Quality of Life: SF‐36 0 high disability to 100 no disability ( · patients with subacute/chronic WAD Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 132 participants | Low |
Subacute to Chronic WAD: Trunk/Extremity Stretch/ROM + Trunk/Extremity Strengthening + Trunk/Extremity Endurance Training + Pattern/Synchronization: Coordination + Cardiovascular/Aerobic + Cognitive (CBT) + ANOTHER TREATMENT vs THAT SAME OTHER TREATMENT Adverse effects · patients with subacute/chronic WAD Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3 participants | Ungraded |
Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic + UE Strengthening vs CONTROL Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with Acute to Chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 157 participants | Moderate |
Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic + UE Strengthening vs CONTROL Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with Acute to Chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 163 participants | Very low |
Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic + UE Strengthening vs CONTROL Pain Intensity: VAS 0 no pain to 100 worst pain ( · patients with Acute to Chronic MND Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic+/‐UE Strengthening + Dynamic/Static Cervical Stabilization + ANOTHER INTERVENTION vs THAT SAME INTERVENTION Global Perceived Effect: Patient‐ Rated Improvement 1 more improvement to 9 less improvement ( · patients with mechanical neck disorders Exercises for mechanical neck disorders (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 101 participants | Moderate |