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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

259 questions · 271 findings · 11 reviews · Temporomandibular disorders and sleep

No studies found 70 · 25.8%GRADE not reported 160 · 59%Very low 29 · 10.7%Low 12 · 4.4%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Arthroscopy vs open surgery

Click (clinical evaluation, 12 months) · Adults (older than 18 years) with a temporomandibular disorder (synovitis, disc displacement with or without reduction, myofascial…

Arthroscopy showed no clear difference in click (clinical evaluation, 12 months) compared with open surgery; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroscopy vs open surgery

Mandibular functionality (MFIQ) after 12 months · Adults (older than 18 years) with a temporomandibular disorder (synovitis, disc displacement with or without reduction, myofascial…

Arthroscopy showed no clear difference in mandibular functionality (MFIQ) after 12 months compared with open surgery; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate vs placebo

Pain on TMJ palpation (ordinal scale) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate showed no clear difference in pain on TMJ palpation (ordinal scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Topical capsaicin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Patient quality of life · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Adverse effects on oral health · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral diazepam vs placebo

Adverse events (reported; mild, no withdrawals) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
1 finding from 1 review

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Change in pain index · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) showed no clear difference in change in pain index compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral diclofenac sodium (NSAID) vs placebo

Adverse events (reported; mild, no withdrawals) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…
1 finding from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Participants' assessment of improvement of pain in right TMJ (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in participants' assessment of improvement of pain in right TMJ (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral prazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

No improvement in TMJ pain on external palpation · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral prazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in no improvement in TMJ pain on external palpation compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Pain on palpation of right masseter muscle (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in pain on palpation of right masseter muscle (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral prazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

No improvement in spontaneous TMJ pain · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral prazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in no improvement in spontaneous TMJ pain compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Topical methyl salicylate (Theraflex-TMJ) vs placebo

Spontaneous masseter muscle pain (numerical graph rating scale) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Topical methyl salicylate (Theraflex-TMJ) led to lower spontaneous masseter muscle pain (numerical graph rating scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical methyl salicylate (Theraflex-TMJ) vs placebo

Spontaneous pain in the TMJ (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Topical methyl salicylate (Theraflex-TMJ) led to lower spontaneous TMJ pain (numerical graph rating scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate vs placebo

Total pain rating index (McGill Pain Questionnaire) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate showed no clear difference in total pain rating index (McGill Pain Questionnaire) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral prazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

No improvement in TMJ pain during mastication · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral prazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in no improvement in TMJ pain during mastication compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Participants' assessment of global function (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral gabapentin (anticonvulsant) showed no clear difference in participants' assessment of global function (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Number of tender sites on muscles of mastication (palpation index) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral gabapentin (anticonvulsant) led to lower number of tender sites on muscles of mastication (palpation index) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review