Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

181 questions · 198 findings · 16 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 28 · 14.1%GRADE not reported 11 · 5.6%Very low 71 · 35.9%Low 71 · 35.9%Moderate 16 · 8.1%High 1 · 0.5%

Continuous glucose monitoring system vs intermittent modalities

Neonatal seizures ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs glucose

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

2 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs breastfeeding

Pain (PIPP) · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 148 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs breastfeeding

COMFORTneo scores after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 6 to 30e · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 47 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

PIPP‐R scores during heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 21a,b · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

PIPP‐R scores at 30 seconds after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 21 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

PIPP‐R scores at 60 seconds after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 21 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

DAN scores at 30 seconds after heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 10 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs laser acupuncture

NIPS scores during heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 7a,b · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs facilitated tucking

BPSN scores during heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 27a,b · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs facilitated tucking

BPSN scores during recovery after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 27a,e · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs skin to skin care + water

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

5 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 151 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 111 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 154 participants
Low

Show 2 more findings

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 143 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 111 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs skin to skin care + water

Pain (PIPP) · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 144 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs NNS

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs NNS

DAN scores at 30 seconds after heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 10 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Days to regain birth weight · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Number of infants with feed interruption episodes (lasting ≥ 12 hours) · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual changes number of infants with feed interruption episodes (lasting ≥ 12 hours) compared with quality of gastric residual alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.21 [0.13, 76.67]
1 study · 87 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Duration (days) of parenteral nutrition · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Risk of invasive Infection · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in risk of invasive Infection compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.35 [0.26, 108.27]
1 study · 87 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Mortality before hospital discharge · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.21 [0.13, 76.67]
1 study · 87 participants
Low