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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

350 questions · 352 findings · 52 reviews

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No studies found 87 · 24.7%GRADE not reported 32 · 9.1%Very low 98 · 27.8%Low 67 · 19%Moderate 58 · 16.5%High 10 · 2.8%

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs haloperidol + promethazineNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ midazolam vs… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs SAME ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines + antipsychotics changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium term ‐ +/vs… compared with same antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

Global state: needing additional medication (sedation with chloral hydrate or a barbiturate > 5 times) ‐ medium term · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: needing additional medication (sedation with chloral… compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol vs midazolam

Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis

Droperidol showed no clear difference in global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after… compared with midazolam (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol vs placebo

Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis

Droperidol leads to lower global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol vs OLANZAPINE

Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis

Droperidol leads to lower global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after… compared with olanzapine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Droperidol vs haloperidol

Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis

Droperidol leads to lower global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after… compared with haloperidol (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Double vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Double showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review