Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,155 questions · 1,191 findings · 195 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 209 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 51 · 4.3%Very low 256 · 21.5%Low 273 · 22.9%Moderate 284 · 23.8%High 118 · 9.9%

Intervention not reported

Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse events, all populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens containing macrolides (azithromycin) vs regimens containing tetracycline (doxycycline)

Clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors Mild‐moderate PID · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing macrolides (azithromycin) changes clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors… compared with regimens containing tetracycline (doxycycline) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Regimens containing nitroimidazole vs no nitroimidazole

Clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors Mild‐moderate PID · women with PID

Regimens containing nitroimidazole showed no clear difference in clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors… compared with no nitroimidazole (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside vs regimens containing quinolone

Clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors Mild‐moderate PID · women with PID

It is very uncertain whether regimens containing clindamycin plus aminoglycoside changes clinical cure according to criteria established by authors… compared with regimens containing quinolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside vs regimens containing cephalosporin

Clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors Mild‐moderate PID · women with PID

Regimens containing clindamycin plus aminoglycoside showed no clear difference in clinical cure according to criteria established by authors… compared with regimens containing cephalosporin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens containing quinolone vs regimens containing cephalosporin

Clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors Mild‐moderate PID · women with PID

Regimens containing quinolone showed no clear difference in clinical cure according to criteria established by study authors… compared with regimens containing cephalosporins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Salicylic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to… compared with tretinoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Citicoline vs standard methods versus placebo

Disability or dependence in daily activities Patients with moderate or lower degree of disability or dependence (according to < 3 scores in the modified Rankin scale) lower scores indicate better outcome · people with acute ischemic stroke

Citicoline showed no clear difference in disability or dependence in daily activities Patients with moderate… compared with placebo or standard treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe cognitive delay at 18… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo

Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophilic phenotype · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mepolizumab 100 mg leads to lower rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophilic phenotype compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review