What do systematic reviews say?

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP

• Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 61 participants
  GRADE not reported

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP

• Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 61 participants
  GRADE not reported

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.6, 1.85]
  1 study · 192 participants
  Low

Single component intervention vs control

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 212 participants
  Very low

Single component intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes hospital service utilisation: number of people admitted to hospital… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.47 [0.75, 2.9]
  1 study · 212 participants
  Very low

Single component intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing exacerbations compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.51, 1.5]
  2 studies · 267 participants
  Very low

Single component intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.92 [0.6, 1.41]
  3 studies · 404 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 374 participants
  Low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Multi‐component intervention may leads to lower hospital service utilisation: number of people admitted to hospital… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.22, 0.63]
  2 studies · 877 participants
  Low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.71, 1.31]
  1 study · 734 participants
  Very low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Fibrinolytics showed no clear difference in mortality. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.16 [0.71, 1.91]
  8 studies · 867 participants
  Moderate

Alteplase vs urokinase

Alteplase showed no clear difference in referral for thoracic surgery (open or thorascopic) compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.46 [0.04, 5.24]
  1 study · 99 participants
  Low

Alteplase vs urokinase

Alteplase may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 5.61 [1.16, 27.11]
  1 study · 99 participants
  Low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Fibrinolytics may leads to lower referral for thoracic surgery. compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.21, 0.68]
  8 studies · 897 participants
  Low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Fibrinolytics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.28 [0.36, 4.57]
  9 studies · 935 participants
  Low

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in mortality compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.25]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in referral for thoracic surgery (open or thorascopic) compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.13, 7.72]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 5.43 [0.25, 118.96]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low