Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

541 questions · 556 findings · 112 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 130 · 23.4%GRADE not reported 22 · 4%Very low 156 · 28.1%Low 151 · 27.2%Moderate 72 · 12.9%High 25 · 4.5%

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes

Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis · women in established labour and their babies.

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in established labour and their babies.

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment only/Intensive case management/Specialised case management services vs usual care

Mental state Schizophrenia symptoms on C‐DIS‐R computer program for Diagnostic Interview Schedule: average score · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment only/Intensive case management/Specialised case management services vs usual care

General life satisfaction Quality of Life Interview section, scale of 1 to 7 · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment only/Intensive case management/Specialised case management services vs usual care

Lost to treatment · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment… changes leaving the study early: Lost to treatment compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment only/Intensive case management/Specialised case management services vs usual care

Adverse event: Death ‐ not measured · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Admission to neonatal special care unit or intensive care unit · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models showed no clear difference in admission to special care nursery/neonatal intensive care unit compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review