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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

257 questions · 270 findings · 42 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 75 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 7 · 2.6%Very low 95 · 35.2%Low 50 · 18.5%Moderate 40 · 14.8%High 3 · 1.1%

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs placebo

Incidence of T2DM (N) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy may leads to lower incidence of T2DM (N) Diagnostic criteria: 3 studies applied the WHO… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs placebo

Cardiovascular mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy changes cardiovascular mortality (N) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs placebo

Non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy changes non‐fatal myocardial infarction/stroke (N) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy changes all‐cause mortality (N) compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

Incidence of T2DM (N) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy probably leads to lower incidence of T2DM (N) Diagnostic criteria: 9 studies applied the WHO… compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

Serious adverse events (N) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (N) compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review