Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

Improvement in symptoms · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

Adverse events · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

pH indices ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Additional higher frequency work breaks vs additional lower frequency work breaks

Participant‐reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue Method: 0‐100 mm VAS · office workers

1 finding from 1 review

Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Additional higher frequency work breaks vs additional lower frequency work breaks

Productivity or work performance Method: number of words typed per 3 hours · office workers

1 finding from 1 review

Work‐break schedules for preventing musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Improvement in symptoms · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Adverse events · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Improvement in pH indices ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Endoscopic metrics ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

All‐cause mortality · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with lower PUFA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.89, 1.07]
24 studies · 19290 participants
Moderate

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Adiposity · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 4798 participants
Low

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Cholesterol mg/dL · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
27 studies · 8072 participants
High

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Serum fasting triglyceride (TG, mmol/L) · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 3905 participants
Moderate

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

HDL‐cholesterol · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 4674 participants
Moderate

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 3362 participants
Moderate

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

CHD events · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in coronary heart disease events compared with lower PUFA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.72, 1.06]
15 studies · 10076 participants
Moderate

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Stroke · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in stroke compared with lower PUFA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.58, 1.44]
11 studies · 14742 participants
Low

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

It is very uncertain whether higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) changes major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events compared with lower PUFA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.59, 1.2]
2 studies · 2879 participants
Very low

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Cardiovascular mortality · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with lower PUFA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.82, 1.26]
16 studies · 15107 participants
Low