Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,092 questions · 3,199 findings · 339 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 714 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 181 · 5.7%Very low 695 · 21.7%Low 908 · 28.4%Moderate 568 · 17.8%High 133 · 4.2%

MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs)

MDAC + hospital intervention showed no clear difference in incidence of adverse events compared with hospital intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.52, 1.98]
1 study · 3085 participants
Low

MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: incidence of need for intubation · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs)

MDAC + hospital intervention showed no clear difference in incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning: incidence of need… compared with hospital intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.71, 1.33]
1 study · 3085 participants
Low

MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Duration of intubation · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs)

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Drug absorption: cardenolide: AUC (µg/L × h) · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs)

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

MDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Incidence of admissions to the ICU · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (benzodiazepines, yellow oleander or combinations of different drugs)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Diarrhoea · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

Syrup of ipecac may leads to higher incidence of adverse events: diarrhoea compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.08 [1.66, 10.04]
1 study · 103 participants
Low

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Incidence and severity of symptoms of poisoning · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Duration of toxic symptoms · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SDAC vs no intervention

Duration of toxic symptoms · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Drug absorption · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 103 participants
Low

Syrup of ipecac vs no intervention

Incidence of admissions to the ICU · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (toxic berries)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SDAC vs no intervention

Drug absorption · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SDAC vs no intervention

Hospitalization · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SDAC vs no intervention

Incidence of admissions to the ICU · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (paracetamol or not specified)

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 451 participants
Very low

SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Incidence of mortality · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different drugs or yellow…

SDAC + hospital intervention showed no clear difference in incidence of mortality compared with hospital intervention alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.04 [0.79, 1.37]
2 studies · 3425 participants
Low

SDAC + hospital intervention vs hospital intervention

Incidence of adverse events · first aid in patients with acute oral poisoning (not specified, tricyclic antidepressants, combinations of different drugs or yellow…

1 finding from 1 review

First aid interventions by laypeople for acute oral poisoning 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 4904 participants
Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 118 participants
Very low