What do systematic reviews say?

Intravenous ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ± oral steroids changes adverse events: gastrointestinal bleeding compared with oral steroids alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.15, 0.4]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete remission Time frame: 2 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.05]
  8 studies · 492 participants
  Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission time frame: 3 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.05]
  4 studies · 269 participants
  Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in relapse Time frame: 6 to 12 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.51, 1.03]
  7 studies · 422 participants
  Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.19, 1.25]
  7 studies · 450 participants
  Low

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: obesity or Cushing's Syndrome compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.02, 0.59]
  5 studies · 388 participants
  Low

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: hypertension compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.23, 3.2]
  3 studies · 219 participants
  Low

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: acute kidney injury compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.78 [0.35, 8.99]
  4 studies · 270 participants
  Low

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: acne compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.15 [0.03, 0.67]
  4 studies · 270 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete remission Time frame: 4 weeks compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.84, 1.5]
  1 study · 114 participants
  Moderate
• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.84, 1.38]
  2 studies · 134 participants
  Moderate

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission Time frame: 24 weeks to end of treatment compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.75, 1.12]
  2 studies · 134 participants
  Moderate

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in relapse Time frame: 24 weeks compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.08, 2.25]
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: death compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.12, 3.84]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: acute kidney injury compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.36]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: new‐onset glucose intolerance compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.08]
  2 studies · 136 participants
  Low

Intravenous ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ± oral steroids changes complete remission Time frame: 2 to 28 months compared with oral steroids alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.76 [0.17, 18.32]
  2 studies · 35 participants
  Very low

Intravenous ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravenous ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

It is very uncertain whether intravenous ± oral steroids changes relapse during compared with oral steroids alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.65, 2.15]
  1 study · 19 participants
  Very low

IPC plus pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone

Combined mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis may leads to lower VTE compared with mechanical prophylaxis alone (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.05 [0, 0.89]
  1 study · 150 participants
  Low

IPC plus pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Low