Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,741 questions · 1,821 findings · 207 reviews

No studies found 297 · 16.3%GRADE not reported 191 · 10.5%Very low 333 · 18.3%Low 466 · 25.6%Moderate 414 · 22.7%High 120 · 6.6%

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: focal onset seizures… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalized onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: generalisedonset tonic… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants ‐ adjusted by seizure type Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate probably leads to higher time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)Subgroup:… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures or unclassified epilepsy Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisation All participants Range of compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: focal onset… compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures or unclassified epilepsy Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: generalised… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate leads to lower time to 12‐month remission of seizures All participants Range of compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate leads to lower time to 12‐month remission of seizures Subgroup: focal onset… compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs carbamazepine

Time to 12‐month remission of seizures Subgroup: generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures or unclassified epilepsy Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Topiramate showed no clear difference in time to 12‐month remission of seizures Subgroup: generalised onset… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to lower time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to lower time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with carbamazepine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine may leads to lower time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine leads to higher time to first seizure All participants Range of compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine leads to higher time to first seizure Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to first seizure ‐ generalised epilepsy Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure Subgroup: generalised onset seizures Range of compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs carbamazepine

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ all participants Range of · adults and children with focal onset or generalised onset seizures (generalised tonic‐clonic with or without other generalised seizure…

Summary of findings: lamotrigine showed no clear difference in time to 12‐month remission All participants Range of compared with carbamazepine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium valproate vs phenytoin monotherapy

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures

Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review