Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,696 questions · 3,815 findings · 855 reviews

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No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 374 · 9.8%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Colchicine vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events within 28 days · people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and asymptomatic or mild disease

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for the treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4412 participants
Moderate

Colchicine plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for the treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 10916 participants
Moderate

Colchicine plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Improvement of clinical status: participants discharged alive up to day 28 without clinical deterioration or death · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for the treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11340 participants
Moderate

Colchicine vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality up to day 28 · people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and asymptomatic or mild disease

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for the treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4488 participants
Low

Colchicine vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death within 28 days · people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and asymptomatic or mild disease

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for the treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4488 participants
Moderate

Copper nickel-titanium archwire vs Nickel-titanium archwire

Time to alignment · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Copper nickel-titanium archwire showed no clear difference in time to alignment (days) compared with nickel-titanium archwire; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
alignment
MD -2.63 [-14.50, 9.24]
2 studies · 191 participants
GRADE not reported

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
7th day
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
3 studies · 199 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Fever · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes fever (6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
RR 0.66 [0.24, 1.79]
4 studies · 475 participants
Very low

Intralesional betamethasone vs intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide

Clinical score (14 days) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether intralesional betamethasone changes clinical score (14 days) compared with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
14 days
MD 9.77 [0.81, 18.73]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Stroke ward vs general medical ward

Length of hospital stay · adults with acute stroke

Stroke ward showed no clear difference in length of stay (days) in a hospital or institution (Analysis 2.5) compared with general medical ward (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.13
10 studies · 2547 participants
Low

Mobile stroke team vs general medical ward

Length of hospital stay · adults with acute stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mixed rehabilitation ward vs general medical ward

Length of hospital stay · adults with acute stroke

It is very uncertain whether mixed rehabilitation ward changes length of stay (days) in a hospital or institution (Analysis 4.5) compared with general medical ward (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.08
3 studies · 387 participants
Very low

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care vs alternative service

Length of hospital stay · adults with acute stroke

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care showed no clear difference in length of stay (days) in a hospital or institution (Analysis 1.5) compared with alternative service (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.16
19 studies · 4162 participants
Low

Carbohydrate supplementation vs control

Weight (kg) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 75 participants
Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 14 participants
Very low

Fat supplementation vs control

Duration of hospital admission (days) · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Protein supplementation vs control

Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 101 participants
Low

Protein supplementation vs control

Length of hospital stay · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Carotid artery stenting vs endarterectomy

Death or any stroke between randomisation and 30 days after treatment · people with symptomatic carotid stenosis

Carotid artery stenting leads to higher death or any stroke between randomisation and 30 days after treatment compared with endarterectomy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.7 [1.31, 2.19]
10 studies · 5396 participants
High

Carotid artery stenting vs endarterectomy

Death or any stroke between randomisation and 30 days after treatment or ipsilateral stroke until end of · people with symptomatic carotid stenosis

Carotid artery stenting leads to higher death or any stroke between randomisation and 30 days after… compared with endarterectomy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.51 [1.24, 1.85]
8 studies · 5080 participants
High