Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants
Caffeine showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality prior to hospital discharge№ of participants:… compared with other methylxanthines (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.12 [0.68, 1.84]
Studies not reported
Low
f) Hearing impairment (requiring amplification) № of participants: 6(1 RCT) · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants
Caffeine showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease: defined as 28 days… compared with other methylxanthines (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.4 [0.92, 2.11]
Studies not reported
Low
Length of hospital stay · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Seizures · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Moderate‐severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 26 months ‐ not measured · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cerebral palsy · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
b) Gross motor disability defined as ≥ level 2 according to the GMFCS · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: cognitive delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.37]
Studies not reported
Very low
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: language delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.76 [0.37, 1.58]
Studies not reported
Very low
c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a standardized test of development: motor delay № of participants: 79(1 RCT) · preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether caffeine changes c) Developmental delay more than two SDs below population mean on a… compared with other methylxanthines (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.5 [0.13, 1.96]
Studies not reported
Very low
d) Mental development IQ > 2 SD below the mean · preterm infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Visual impairment · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
First‐pass success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as difficulta
Ultrasound guidance may leads to higher first‐pass success of cannulation compared with landmark method (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
1 finding from 1 review
Procedure time for first‐pass cannulation (seconds) · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
1 finding from 1 review
Number of cannulation attempts · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient satisfaction NRS from 0 to 10 or 4‐step Likert scale The higher the score, the higher the level of satisfaction · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Overall complications · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as moderately difficulta
Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in overall complications compared with landmark method (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
First‐pass success of cannulation · adults undergoing peripheral venous cannulation classed as easya
Ultrasound guidance leads to lower first‐pass success of cannulation compared with landmark method (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review