What do systematic reviews say?

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower severe exacerbations (hospitalisations) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.73 [0.56, 0.95]
  7 studies · 2859 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.73 [0.61, 0.87]
  7 studies · 3375 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in severe/moderate exacerbations (hospitalisation or course of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.76, 1.02]
  7 studies · 3968 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]
  23 studies · 14079 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in participants with one or more serious adverse event (non‐fatal) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14]
  20 studies · 12446 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in predose FEV1 (mL) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 73
  14 studies · 6125 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 189 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 324 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 325 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 125 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 91 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 246 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 62 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 228 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 76 participants
  Low