Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,788 questions · 1,849 findings · 336 reviews

No studies found 245 · 13.3%GRADE not reported 126 · 6.8%Very low 612 · 33.1%Low 512 · 27.7%Moderate 305 · 16.5%High 49 · 2.7%

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour)

Hepatotoxicity · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

It is very uncertain whether standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) changes hepatotoxicity compared with shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour)

Vomiting, retching, or antiemetics from 0‐2 hours · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) may leads to lower vomiting, retching, or antiemetics from 0‐2 hours compared with shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour)

Vomiting, retching, or antiemetics 0‐12 hours · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) may leads to lower vomiting, retching, or antiemetics 0‐12 hours compared with shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour)

Anaphylactoid symptoms · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) may leads to lower anaphylactoid symptoms compared with shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB scale) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB… compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects. 1. Movement disorders ‐ any extrapyramidal compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review