Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,447 questions · 2,590 findings · 266 reviews

No studies found 699 · 27%GRADE not reported 289 · 11.2%Very low 614 · 23.7%Low 605 · 23.4%Moderate 322 · 12.4%High 61 · 2.4%

Extraction of lower deciduous canines vs No active treatment (control)

Lower incisor inclination (lingual tipping and retrusion) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Extraction of lower deciduous canines showed no clear difference in lower incisors to mandible (inclination, degrees) at 1 year compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Schwarz appliance vs No active treatment (control)

Position of the incisors (upper incisor inclination) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Schwarz appliance showed no clear difference in upper incisors to maxilla (inclination, degrees) at 9 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Eruption guidance appliance vs No active treatment (control)

Amount of crowding (number of children with crowding, mandible) after 1 year · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether eruption guidance appliance changes amount of crowding (number of children with crowding, mandible)… compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

Patching showed no clear difference in motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months compared with active observation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

Patching showed no clear difference in motor alignment at near fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months compared with active observation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Stereoacuity at near · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

Patching showed no clear difference in stereoacuity at near Measured using the Preschool Randot, Titmus… compared with active observation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review