Ketogenic diet (KD) vs usual care
Cognition and behaviour · children (aged 1 to 18 years) with drug‐resistant epilepsy
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 57 participantsVery low
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
2,434 questions · 2,594 findings · 269 reviews
No studies found 543 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 191 · 7.4%Very low 676 · 26.1%Low 732 · 28.2%Moderate 399 · 15.4%High 53 · 2%
Ketogenic diet (KD) vs usual care
Quality of life · children (aged 1 to 18 years) with drug‐resistant epilepsy
It is very uncertain whether ketogenic diet (KD) changes quality of life compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- OR 161 study · 57 participantsVery low
Ketogenic diet (KD) vs usual care
Treatment withdrawal · children (aged 1 to 18 years) with drug‐resistant epilepsy
Ketogenic diet (KD) showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawal compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.08 [0.74, 1.57]5 studies · 425 participantsLow
Ketogenic diet (KD) vs usual care
Seizure freedom · adults (aged 16 years and over) with drug‐resistant epilepsy
It is very uncertain whether ketogenic diet (KD) changes seizure freedom compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 141 participantsVery low
Ketogenic diet (KD) vs usual care
50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · adults (aged 16 years and over) with drug‐resistant epilepsy
It is very uncertain whether ketogenic diet (KD) changes 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 5.03 [0.26, 97.68]2 studies · 141 participantsVery low
Ketogenic diet (KD) vs usual care
Adverse effects · adults (aged 16 years and over) with drug‐resistant epilepsy
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 141 participantsVery low
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.4) · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 132 participantsGRADE not reported
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Psychological distress post‐treatment · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 450 participantsGRADE not reported
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
General health · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 240 participantsGRADE not reported
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Social activities: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 2.10) · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 690 participantsVery low
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Activities of daily living · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted4 studies · 879 participantsGRADE not reported
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 1.14) · people with stroke
It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 2.16) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.18 [0.73, 1.91]5 studies · 975 participantsVery low
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with stroke
It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.68 [0.49, 0.94]2 studies · 607 participantsVery low
Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control
Scoring above cut‐off points for a depressive disorder at end of treatment (Analysis 1.2) · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy
Independent walking (primary outcome) · patients with walking after stroke
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy leads to higher independent walking (primary outcome) compared with physiotherapy (or usual care) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- OR 2.01 [1.51, 2.69]38 studies · 1572 participantsHigh
Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy
Walking speedg ‐ overall analysis Measured using metres/second (m/s) and metres/minute (m/min). A higher score indicates faster walking. · patients with walking after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted42 studies · 1600 participantsLow
Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy
Six‐minute walk distance · patients with walking after stroke
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted24 studies · 983 participantsModerate
Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy
Dropout · patients with walking after stroke
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy probably leads to lower loss to study during intervention phase, dropouts (secondary… compared with physiotherapy (or usual care) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted62 studies · 2440 participantsModerate
Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy
Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · patients with walking after stroke
Electromechanical‐ and robot‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy probably leads to lower death from all causes until end of intervention phase (secondary… compared with physiotherapy (or usual care) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 062 studies · 2440 participantsModerate
Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care
Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found