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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs placebo Physician‐assessed changes in clinical signs · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs UVA1 Safety: withdrawal due to adverse events · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs PUVA Physician‐assessed changes in clinical signs · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs PUVA Patient‐reported changes in symptoms ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs PUVA Investigator Global Assessment · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.13, 7.89] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs PUVA Health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs PUVA Safety: withdrawal due to adverse events · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ UVA1 vs PUVA Physician‐assessed changes in clinical signs · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ UVA1 vs PUVA Patient‐reported changes in symptoms ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ UVA1 vs PUVA Investigator Global Assessment ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ UVA1 vs PUVA Health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs placebo Patient‐reported changes in symptoms · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.72 [1.1, 2.69] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ UVA1 vs PUVA Safety: withdrawals due to adverse events ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs placebo Investigator Global Assessment (short‐term) · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.81 [1.1, 7.17] | 1 study · 41 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs placebo Health‐related quality of life ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs placebo Safety: withdrawals due to adverse events (short‐term) · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 89 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs UVA1 Physician‐assessed changes in clinical signs (short‐term) · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs UVA1 Patient‐reported changes in symptoms · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs UVA1 Investigator Global Assessment ‐ not measured · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB vs UVA1 Health‐related quality of life · atopic eczema Phototherapy for atopic eczema (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision Recurrence at 3 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.16, 2.64] | 1 study · 331 participants | Low |
Imiquimod vs surgical excision Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy vs surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) Recurrence at 3 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 19.11 [1.12, 325.78] | 1 study · 347 participants | Low |
Radiotherapy vs surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) Recurrence at 4 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 11.06 [1.44, 84.77] | 1 study · 347 participants | Low |
Radiotherapy vs surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) Cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.63, 0.91] | 1 study · 347 participants | Moderate |
Radiotherapy vs surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) Pain · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy vs surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision Recurrence at 3 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 26.47 [1.63, 429.92] | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision Cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [1.09, 1.27] | 2 studies · 309 participants | Moderate |
MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision Pain · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.2 [0.6, 8.03] | 1 study · 101 participants | Low |
MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 6.66 [1.22, 36.41] | 2 studies · 173 participants | Moderate |
Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision Recurrence at 5 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.18, 2.04] | 1 study · 259 participants | Low |
Imiquimod cream vs MAL‐PDT Recurrence at 3 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.62] | 1 study · 277 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod cream vs MAL‐PDT Recurrence at 5 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.31, 0.57] | 1 study · 228 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod cream vs MAL‐PDT Cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.16] | 1 study · 370 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod cream vs MAL‐PDT Pain (moderate/severe) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.41, 0.87] | 1 study · 371 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod cream vs MAL‐PDT Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.37, 1.09] | 1 study · 385 participants | Moderate |
Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision Cosmetic outcome · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision Pain · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Imiquimod vs surgical excision Recurrence at 3 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 10.3 [3.22, 32.94] | 1 study · 401 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod vs surgical excision Recurrence at 5 years · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 7.73 [2.81, 21.3] | 1 study · 383 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod vs surgical excision Cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [1.35, 2.15] | 1 study · 344 participants | Low |
Imiquimod vs surgical excision Pain (moderate/severe) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.98, 1.88] | 1 study · 443 participants | Low |
Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.23 [0.84, 21.38] | 2 studies · 157 participants | Moderate |
Azithromycin (500 mg 20 ‐ 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (15 ‐ 20 mg/kg/d Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.34, 0.76] | 2 studies · 93 participants | Moderate |
Azithromycin (500 mg 20 ‐ 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (15 ‐ 20 mg/kg/d Adverse effects · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Moderate |
Azithromycin (500 mg 20 ‐ 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (15 ‐ 20 mg/kg/d Recurrence ‐ not measured · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical imiquimod 5% (3 times/week) + meglumine antimoniate (IVMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo + IVMA Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [0.95, 1.8] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Topical imiquimod 5% (3 times/week) + meglumine antimoniate (IVMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo + IVMA Adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | High |