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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor vs placebo Improvement in disability grade Defined as achievement of a specified degree of improvement · people with Guillain‐Barré syndrome Pharmacological treatment other than corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.28, 3.54] | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cramp frequency (percentage change from baseline at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 177 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cramp frequency (mean number of cramps per week on treatment at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cramp duration (≥ 1 minute at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cramp frequency (responder analysis: 25% or better reduction at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.84, 1.29] | 3 studies · 177 participants | High |
Intervention NR Cramp frequency (mean number of cramps per week on treatment at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 307 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cramp intensity (moderate or worse at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.81, 2.21] | 2 studies · 91 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cramp duration (≥ 1 minute at 4 weeks) · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [0.74, 4.53] | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Major adverse events · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.14, 3.31] | 3 studies · 185 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Minor adverse events · for effects on cramps, people (other than pregnant women) with muscle cramps (largely older adults); for adverse… Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.98, 2.33] | 4 studies · 254 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cramp frequency (percentage change from baseline at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cramp frequency (responder analysis: 25% or better reduction at 4 weeks) · pregnant women with leg cramps Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Tafamidis vs placebo Disability due to FAP progression Not measured · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diflunisal vs placebo Quality of life (expressed as the change in SF‐36 mental component score) Scale from: 0 (worst possible quality of life) to 100 (best possible quality of life). · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Diflunisal vs placebo Number of participants who died during the trial · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.15, 1.41] | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Diflunisal vs placebo Number of dropouts due to adverse events · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.06 [0.39, 10.87] | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Diflunisal vs placebo Number of participants experiencing at least one severe adverse event · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.18, 3.32] | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Patisiran vs placebo Disability due to FAP progression (expressed as the change in R‐ODS) Scale from: 0 (worst disability) to 48 (normal) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Moderate |
Patisiran vs placebo Severity of peripheral neuropathy (expressed as the change in mNIS+7ALN) Scale from: 0 (normal) to 304 (total impairment) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Moderate |
Patisiran vs placebo Quality of life (expressed as the change in 35‐Item Norfolk QOL‐DN total score) Scale from: ‐4 (best possible quality of life) to 136 (worst possible quality of life) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 225 participants | Low |
Patisiran vs placebo Number of participants who died during the trial · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.21, 1.74] | 1 study · 225 participants | Low |
Patisiran vs placebo Number of dropouts due to adverse events · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.13, 0.82] | 1 study · 225 participants | Low |
Patisiran vs placebo Number of participants experiencing at least one severe adverse event · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.64, 1.28] | 1 study · 225 participants | Low |
Tafamidis vs placebo Severity of peripheral neuropathy (expressed as the change in NIS‐LL) Scale from: 0 (normal) to 88 (total impairment) · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |
Inotersen vs placebo Disability due to FAP progression Not measured · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Inotersen vs placebo Severity of peripheral neuropathy (expressed as the change in mNIS+7Ionis) Scale from: ‐22.3 (normal) to 346.3 (total impairment) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 172 participants | Moderate |
Inotersen vs placebo Quality of life (expressed as the change in 35‐Item Norfolk QOL‐DN total score) Scale from: ‐4 (best possible quality of life) to 136 (worst possible quality of life) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 172 participants | Low |
Inotersen vs placebo Number of participants who died during the trial · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 5.94 [0.33, 105.6] | 1 study · 172 participants | Low |
Inotersen vs placebo Number of dropouts due to adverse events · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 8.57 [1.16, 63.07] | 1 study · 172 participants | Low |
Inotersen vs placebo Number of participants experiencing at least one severe adverse event · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.85, 2.57] | 1 study · 172 participants | Low |
Tafamidis vs placebo Quality of life (expressed as the change in 35‐Item Norfolk QOL‐DN total score) Scale from: ‐2 (best possible quality of life) to 138 (worst possible quality of life) · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Tafamidis vs placebo Number of participants who died during the trial · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.11, 3.74] | 1 study · 128 participants | Very low |
Tafamidis vs placebo Number of dropouts due to adverse events · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.3, 5.54] | 1 study · 128 participants | Very low |
Tafamidis vs placebo Number of participants experiencing at least one severe adverse event · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.37, 3.62] | 1 study · 128 participants | Very low |
Diflunisal vs placebo Disability due to FAP progression (expressed as the change in Kumamoto Score) Scale from: 0 (normal) to 102 (worst disease severity). · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Low |
Diflunisal vs placebo Severity of peripheral neuropathy (expressed as the change in NIS+7) Scale from: 0 (normal) to 270 (total impairment) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Low |
Diflunisal vs placebo Quality of life (expressed as the change in SF‐36 physical component score) Scale from: 0 (worst possible quality of life) to 100 (best possible quality of life) · people with TTR‐FAP Pharmacological treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Antivirals plus corticosteroids vs corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment (AS versus OS) Incomplete recovery at end of study № of participants: 766 (3 RCTs) · Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.38, 1.74] | NR | Low |
Antivirals plus corticosteroids vs corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment (AS versus OS) Motor synkinesis or crocodile tears № of participants: 469 (2 RCTs) · Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.36, 0.87] | NR | Moderate |
Antivirals plus corticosteroids vs corticosteroids plus placebo or no treatment (AS versus OS) Adverse events № of participants: 656 (2 RCTs) · Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) Antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.81, 1.68] | NR | Very low |
Strength training vs no training Muscle strength · people with myotonic dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Strength training vs no training Time‐scored functional assessments of muscle performance · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Strength training vs no training Quality of life · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Strength training vs no training Pain · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Strength training vs no training Experienced fatigue · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Strength training vs no training Adverse effects requiring withdrawal · people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Aerobic exercise vs no training Muscle strength · people with dermatomyositis and polymyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aerobic exercise vs no training Aerobic capacity: VO2 max (defined as the highest O2 consumption) · people with dermatomyositis and polymyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Aerobic exercise vs no training Time‐scored functional assessments of muscle performance: disability · people with dermatomyositis and polymyositis Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |