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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
664 questions in 25 reviews · Endodontics and dental trauma
current versionsNo studies 111 · 16.7%Ungraded 417 · 62.8%Very low 69 · 10.4%Low 50 · 7.5%Moderate 16 · 2.4%High 1 · 0.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) vs Formocresol (FC) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No clinical failure in any participant (Fernandes 2015); not estimable | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [1.42, 2.44] | 6 studies · 332 participants | Moderate |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.04, 0.36] | 4 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Ferric sulphate/MTA pulpotomy vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) pulpectomy Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 18 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.16 [0.23, 20.35] | 1 study · 172 participants | Ungraded |
Diode laser vs Electrosurgery Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.20 [0.01, 3.70] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Ferric sulphate (FS) + mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · mean 22 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Assessed pain, soft tissue pathology, mobility, radiolucency, root resorption, pulp canal obliteration (Doyle 2010); no clinical/radiological failure outcome; no significant differences | 1 study · 130 participants | Ungraded |
Ferric sulphate (FS) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.60 [0.26, 1.40] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 and 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.13, 69.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.46, 2.67] | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Full strength formocresol (FC) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 3 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.10 [0.17, 7.10] | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
Total-etching 36% phosphoric acid + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Acetone-based total-etch adhesive Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 7.00 [0.38, 127.33] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Endoflas chlorophenol free (Endoflas-CF) vs Zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Radiological failure (pathologic radiolucency); no significant difference | 1 study | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs 3Mixtatin Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.12, 3.78] | 1 study · 160 participants | Very low |
1:5 diluted formocresol (FC) vs 1:25 diluted formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No event in any participant; not estimable | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Non-rinse conditioner + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Acetone-based total-etch adhesive Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · up to 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No clinical failure in any participant (Demir 2007); not estimable | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) vs Formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.24, 0.88] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Biodentine vs Tempophore Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.11, 2.70] | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs RC Fill Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.00 [0.65, 6.15] | 1 study · 86 participants | Ungraded |
Ferric sulphate (FS) vs Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.34, 2.23] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Low |
Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Zinc oxide and propolis (ZOP) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
3Mix (ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline) vs Simvastatin Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.51, 1.95] | 1 study · 160 participants | Very low |
Aloe vera vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 51.00 [3.25, 801.15] | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide/iodoform (CH/iodoform) vs Full strength formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 9.11 [3.04, 27.31] | 1 study · 67 participants | Ungraded |
Low-level diode laser vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Overall failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.00 [0.49, 32.72] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Self-etch adhesive + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Acetone-based total-etch adhesive Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6, 12 and 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.13, 69.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Direct pulp capping; overall failure RR 1.00 (0.06 to 15.50) at 6/12 months (Garrocho-Rangel 2009); no pain/soft tissue/mobility/root resorption | 1 study · 90 participants | Ungraded |
Endoflas chlorophenol free (Endoflas-CF) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.13, 68.26] | 1 study | Ungraded |
3Mix (ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline) vs Ciprofloxacin + ornidazole + minocycline Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs 3Mixtatin Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No radiological failure in any participant; not estimable | 1 study · 160 participants | Ungraded |
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Full strength formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 3 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.10 [0.31, 3.84] | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
Erbium:YAG laser vs Formocresol (FC) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.13 [0.20, 22.70] | 1 study · 97 participants | Ungraded |
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) vs Formocresol (FC) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.58] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) vs Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.20 [0.02, 1.61] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.00 [0.26, 98.00] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
OrthoMTA vs RetroMTA Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.13 [0.13, 74.85] | 1 study · 96 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Formocresol (FC) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.83 [1.68, 8.74] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Gutta-percha / AH-Plus Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Biodentine vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.40 [0.65, 8.84] | 4 studies · 234 participants | Low |
Full strength formocresol (FC) vs 1:5 diluted formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No event in any participant; not estimable | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
3Mixtatin vs Simvastatin Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.08, 0.82] | 1 study · 160 participants | Low |
Metapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Endoflas (CH + ZOE + iodoform) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.02 [0.79, 5.15] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Ungraded |
3Mix (ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline) vs Simvastatin Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No radiological failure in any participant; not estimable | 1 study · 160 participants | Ungraded |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.06, 1.28] | 1 study · 70 participants | Ungraded |
Electrosurgery vs Formocresol (FC) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 9 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.00 [0.62, 40.64] | 1 study · 70 participants | Ungraded |
Glutaraldehyde + calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.90 [0.32, 26.38] | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Ferric sulphate (FS) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.53, 3.13] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
Self-etch adhesive + acetone-based total-etch adhesive vs Calcium hydroxide (CH) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 and 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.13, 69.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Ozonated sesame oil-zinc oxide (ZO) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Listed as a pulpectomy comparison; no extractable outcome data reported in this version | 0 studies | No studies |
Diode laser vs Ferric sulphate (FS) Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.38, 2.12] | 3 studies · 130 participants | Low |
Electrosurgery vs Ferric sulphate (FS) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.13, 2.34] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Low |