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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Ketamine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ at 24 hours (Remission) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 5.6 [1.07, 29.46] | NR | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Depression rating scale score ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts№ of participants: 201(6 RCTs) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.19, 8.28] | NR | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ketamine vs midazolam Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.48 [1, 6.18] | NR | Very low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.21 [0.67, 7.32] | NR | Low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Depression rating scale score ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Acceptability: total dropouts№ of participants: 72(1 RCT) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.05, 2.09] | NR | Low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Severity of PTSD symptoms (measured using the IES‐R, CAPS‐5, PCL‐CPSS‐I, and PDS; higher score = worse outcome) · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Diagnosis of PTSD after treatment · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.28, 1] | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Severity of depressive symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 473 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Severity of anxiety symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 345 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Cost‐effectiveness · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Adverse events · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Severity of PTSD symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 82 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Dropouts · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.14 [0.97, 4.73] | 2 studies · 132 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Diagnosis of PTSD after treatment · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Severity of depressive symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Severity of anxiety symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 74 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Dropouts · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.49 [0.91, 6.77] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Cost‐effectiveness · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs I‐non‐C/BT Adverse events · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Diagnosis of PTSD after treatment · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Severity of depressive symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Severity of anxiety symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Cost‐effectiveness · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs face‐to‐face non‐CBT Adverse events · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Severity of PTSD symptoms ( · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 608 participants | Very low |
Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapy (I‐C/BT) vs wait list Dropouts · adults aged ≥ 16 years with PTSD Internet‐based cognitive and behavioural therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.97, 1.6] | 9 studies · 634 participants | Low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Outcomes · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Treatment efficacy (change in OCD score), end of treatment. Measured by Y‐BOCs Score · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Total number of dropouts, end of treatment · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.22, 4.45] | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Quality of life, end of treatment Measured by WSAS Score · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Severity of depressive symptoms, end of treatment Measured by BDI Score · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Severity of anxiety symptoms, end of treatment Measured by BDI Score · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy vs anxiety management Behavioural difficulties, end of treatment · obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications Diabetes (ADA criteria) (6 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.03, 7.73] | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Melatonin vs placebo Diabetes · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Melatonin vs placebo Drop‐outs (8 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.38, 2.66] | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Melatonin vs placebo Fasting blood glucose (8 to 12 weeks) (endpoint data) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 102 participants | Moderate |
Melatonin vs placebo Fasting blood glucose (8 to 12 weeks) (change from baseline data) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Melatonin vs placebo BMI (8 to 12 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 202 participants | Very low |
SSRI antidepressants vs TCA Diabetes · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRI antidepressants vs TCA Drop‐outs (12 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.11, 1.01] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
SSRI antidepressants vs TCA Fasting blood glucose (8 to 12 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 141 participants | Moderate |
SSRI antidepressants vs TCA BMI (12 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications Drop‐outs (6 to 54 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.63, 2.69] | 2 studies · 144 participants | Low |
Atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications Fasting blood glucose (6 to 8 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 211 participants | Moderate |
Atypical vs typical antipsychotic medications BMI (8 to 54 weeks) · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 141 participants | Moderate |
Metformin vs placebo Diabetes · Adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income countries Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low‐ and middle‐income… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |