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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
775 questions in 58 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma
current versionsNo studies 166 · 21.4%Ungraded 24 · 3.1%Very low 356 · 45.9%Low 162 · 20.9%Moderate 47 · 6.1%High 20 · 2.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Cosmetic appearance · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs early controlled passive exercise regimen Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery Range of movement · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.08 [0, 1.43] | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery Adverse events: participants incurring one or more adverse events · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Ungraded |
Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery Adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.24, 1.7] | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery Range of movement · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery Range of movement(degrees) · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery Adverse events: participants incurring one or more adverse events · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Ungraded |
Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery Adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.19, 3.5] | 3 studies · 196 participants | Very low |
Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs early controlled passive exercise regimen Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs early controlled passive exercise regimen Active finger range of motion · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs early controlled passive exercise regimen Active finger range of motion · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs early controlled passive exercise regimen Adverse events: participants incurring one or more adverse events · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.23, 1.44] | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs early controlled passive exercise regimen Adverse event (tendon rupture) · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.73 [0.16, 18.2] | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery Range of movement · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Activities of daily living · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs fixed angle plates Delirium · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs fixed angle plates Functional status: using WOMAC (range from 0 to 96, lower scores indicate better function) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 498 participants | Low |
Screws vs fixed angle plates HRQoL: using EQ‐5D (range from 0 to 1; higher values indicate better quality of life · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 521 participants | Low |
Screws vs fixed angle plates Mobility: walking as before fracture, or using 1 walking stick now and no walking aids before fracture · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.35, 1.25] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Screws vs fixed angle plates Mortality: early (within 4 months) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.44, 1.59] | 3 studies · 467 participants | Very low |
Screws vs fixed angle plates Mortality at 12 months (Data prioritised at 12 months, but in its absence we included data after 4 months and up to 24 months.) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.83, 1.31] | 7 studies · 1690 participants | Low |
Screws vs fixed angle plates Unplanned return to theatreg · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.95, 1.26] | 11 studies · 2321 participants | Low |
Screws vs smooth pins Activities of daily living · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs smooth pins Delirium · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs smooth pins Functional status · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Delirium · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs smooth pins HRQoL · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs smooth pins Mobility · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws vs smooth pins Mortality: early (within 4 months) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.79, 1.89] | 3 studies · 584 participants | Very low |
Screws vs smooth pins Mortality at 12 months (Data prioritised at 12 months, but in its absence we included data after 4 months and up to 24 months.) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.85, 1.35] | 6 studies · 1005 participants | Low |
Screws vs smooth pins Unplanned return to theatred · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.5, 1.37] | 5 studies · 862 participants | Very low |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Activities of daily living · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Delirium · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Functional status: using WOMAC (range from 0 to 96; lower values indicate improved function) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 498 participants | Low |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates HRQoL: using EQ‐5D (range from 0 to 1; higher values indicate better quality of life · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 521 participants | Low |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Mobility: one walking stick or none · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.26] | 2 studies · 182 participants | Very low |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Functional status · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Mortality: early (within 4 months) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.65, 1.66] | 4 studies · 850 participants | Very low |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Mortality at 12 months (Data prioritised at 12 months, but in its absence we included data after 4 months and up to 24 months.) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.85, 1.27] | 9 studies · 2351 participants | Low |
Screws or pins vs fixed angle plates Unplanned return to theatreg · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.88, 1.18] | 14 studies · 3057 participants | Low |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates HRQoL · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Mobility: Use of no mobility aids or 1 walking stick only · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.78, 1.22] | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Mortality: early(within 4 months) · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.67, 2.62] | 1 study · 383 participants | Very low |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Mortality: at 12 months · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.47, 1.87] | 2 studies · 661 participants | Very low |
Smooth pins vs fixed angle plates Unplanned return to theatree · older adults (> 60 years of age) with displaced and undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.56, 1.06] | 3 studies · 736 participants | Very low |