Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,377 questions · 1,433 findings · 149 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 326 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 87 · 6.1%Very low 440 · 30.7%Low 364 · 25.4%Moderate 190 · 13.3%High 26 · 1.8%

Communication skills training vs no specific training

Quality of life: improved to an important degree · psychiatrists and people with schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication skills training for mental health professionals working with people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Number of women cured · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to bladder training changes number of women cured ‐ 3 months after treatment compared with bladder training alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.71 [0.84, 3.46]
1 study · 122 participants
Very low

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Objective measure of urine leakage (e.g. pad test) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Number of women experiencing pain ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Disease‐specific quality of life · women with urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 118 participants
Very low

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to bladder training changes number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs,… compared with bladder training alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.57, 1.57]
1 study · 96 participants
Very low

Supplementary box model training vs standard training

All‐cause mortality · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 168 participants
Very low

Supplementary box model training vs standard training

Morbidity · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 168 participants
Very low

Supplementary box model training vs standard training

Operating time · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Supplementary box model training vs standard training

Proportion with day surgery · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Supplementary box model training vs standard training

Operating performance · surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 249 participants
Very low

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Symptoms of dyspnoea · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 129 participants
Moderate

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Health‐related quality of life · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 126 participants
Moderate

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Peak Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Supported) · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 70 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Peak Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Unsupported) · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 112 participants
Moderate

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Endurance Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Supported) · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 57 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Endurance Upper Limb Exercise Capacity (Unsupported) assessed by total number of rings moved in 6 minutes. · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 142 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

Upper Limb Strength · stable COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 43 participants
Low