What do systematic reviews say?

Warm compresses vs control (hands off or no warm compress)

It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes 2nd degree tear compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).

• Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.58, 1.56]
  2 studies · 274 participants
  Very low

Warm compresses vs control (hands off or no warm compress)

Warm compresses probably leads to lower 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (moderate certainty).

• Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.27, 0.79]
  4 studies · 1799 participants
  Moderate

Warm compresses vs control (hands off or no warm compress)

Warm compresses showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (low certainty).

• Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.6, 1.23]
  4 studies · 1799 participants
  Low

Warm compresses vs control (hands off or no warm compress)

Warm compresses showed no clear difference in intact perineum compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (moderate certainty).

• Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.85, 1.21]
  4 studies · 1799 participants
  Moderate

Warm compresses vs control (hands off or no warm compress)

It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes perineal trauma requiring suturing compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).

• Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.79, 1.66]
  1 study · 76 participants
  Very low

Warm compresses vs control (hands off or no warm compress)

It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes 1st degree tear compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).

• Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.38, 3.79]
  2 studies · 274 participants
  Very low

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique may leads to lower hysterectomy to control bleeding compared with standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture… (low certainty).

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.11, 0.99]
  1 study · 160 participants
  Low

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Nutritional education may leads to lower preterm birth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.21, 0.98]
  2 studies · 449 participants
  Low

Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen)

Prevention of eclampsia: short showed no clear difference in eclampsia compared with standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) (low certainty).

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.99 [0.18, 21.87]
  4 studies · 1713 participants
  Low

Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen)

Prevention of eclampsia: short showed no clear difference in severe morbidity compared with standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen) (low certainty).

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29]
  2 studies · 1233 participants
  Low

Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Prevention of eclampsia: short vs standard maintenance regimen (subgroups by type of short regimen)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low