Need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
It is very uncertain whether aspirin changes need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal adverse events · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
It is very uncertain whether aspirin changes maternal adverse effects (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal drug adverse effects · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period
1 finding from 1 review
Fever or puerperal febrile morbidity · Women with third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tear during vaginal birth
1 finding from 1 review
Pain or straining on defecation · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of postpartum constipation · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Time from completion of operation to first bowel movement (hours) · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10 postpartum days · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears
It is very uncertain whether laxative plus bulking agent changes adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10… compared with laxative alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects on babies · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Hands off (or poised) showed no clear difference in intact perineum compared with hands on (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether warm compresses changes 2nd degree tear compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Warm compresses probably leads to lower 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Warm compresses showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Massage may leads to higher intact perineum compared with control (hands off or care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
3rd or 4th degree tears · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
Massage probably leads to lower 3rd or 4th degree tears compared with control (hands off or care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether massage changes episiotomy compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intact perineum · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes intact perineum compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
1st degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 1st degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
2nd degree tear · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications
It is very uncertain whether ritgen's manoeuvre changes 2nd degree tear compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review